19 th Century Reforms and Leaders

1. 19th Century Reformsand Leaders Education, Temperance, Women’s Suffrage, Mental Health and Prison Reform

2. People at a glance: • Horace Mann • Susan B. Anthony • Elizabeth Cady Stanton • Lucretia Mott • Dorothea Dix

3. Questions to ask yourself: • Why was this reform needed? [Why?] • How did the reform change things? [What happened?] • Why is this reform so important? [So what?]

4. Education Reform • The issue: Should free public education be established for all children? • Leader: Horace Mann • Mann’s reforms • The development of teacher training schools. • The earliest attempts to professionalize teaching. • The actual establishment of the first Normal Schools in Massachusetts. • The improvement of the quality of education offered in rural schools. • The recruitment of women into the ranks of teachers.

5. Temperance • The issue: Should the sale of alcohol be banned? • Early attempts at reform fail in 19th century, but they lead to the 20th successes with the passing of the 18th Amendment prohibiting the sell and manufacturing of alcohol. This act was repealed in 1933.

6. Women’s Suffrage • The issue: Should women have the right to vote? • Leaders: Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth C. Stanton, Lucretia Mott • Women met at the Seneca Falls Convention where leaders called for women’s right to vote, exercise authority over their property, educational and employment opportunities, and the right of self-determination • 1920 (70+ years later!) women finally get the vote with the passing of the 19th Amendment

7. Mentally Ill and Prison Reform • The issue: How should the mentally ill be treated in prison? • Leader: Dorothea Dix • New mental institutions were created after Dorothea raised awareness of the poor and horrific conditions of the jails she witnessed

8. Women Leaders – 19th Century A look at the women leaders.

9. Harriet Tubman • The leading African-American abolitionist, an escaped slave whose speeches and writings convinced many that slavery was wrong

10. Dorothea Dix • Woman who led the reform movement to have hospitals for the mentally ill (and also reform prisons)

11. Susan B. Anthony, Lucretia Mott, and Elizabeth Stanton • The leaders of the women’s rights movement, asking for the right to vote, the right to control property, and other rights for women