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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN SMALL ISLAND DEVELOPING STATES (SIDS) Mohamed Ali Environment Research Centre Ministry of Hom

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN SMALL ISLAND DEVELOPING STATES (SIDS) Mohamed Ali Environment Research Centre Ministry of Home Affairs and Environment, Maldives. Sustainable Development:.

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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN SMALL ISLAND DEVELOPING STATES (SIDS) Mohamed Ali Environment Research Centre Ministry of Hom

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  1. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT INSMALL ISLAND DEVELOPING STATES(SIDS) Mohamed Ali Environment Research Centre Ministry of Home Affairs and Environment, Maldives

  2. Sustainable Development: • “Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own” • “wisdom to continue exploiting the available resources (environment) without upsetting the functioning and balance of the natural support systems” • “safeguarding the reefs for; protection, fisheries, tourism and agriculture in the Maldives”

  3. Specialness of the SIDS • Remoteness • Smallness • Geographical dispersion • Fragility of ecosystems • Heavy dependence on imports • Lack of natural resources and skilled endogenous human resources.

  4. The setting:

  5. The consequences: • cost of distribution and services delivery multiplies • loose competitive advantage • forced to import almost all requirements; • no food or energy security, products for export/ consumption obtained directly from the environment…

  6. Global environmental changes • Physical environmental changes • - global warming, • - climate change • O3 depletion • sea level rise Economic environmental changes - globalisation - economic restructuring - WTO - economicstatus

  7. Physical environment

  8. Coral Reefs: The foundation, the strength, and the future of the Maldives

  9. Fisheries Reef fish Bait fish Tuna fisheries • Consumption • Export

  10. Aesthetics

  11. Tourism Percentage Contribution to GDP by Tourism and Fishing from 1984 to 2000

  12. Physical Protection Erosion Erosion

  13. Tradition & Culture

  14. Island geography Gan Laamu 512.4 Hithadhoo Seenu 455.4 Fuahmulaku 411.5 Isdhoo Laamu 293.7 Kaashidhoo Kaafu 276.5 Gan Seenu 264.9 ------------------------------------- Male’ 177.3 1200 islands 200 inhabited

  15. height and shape ……

  16. Water Resource

  17. island dynamics • Short term • Medium term • Long term

  18. Local stresses • Dredging/Coral mining • Sand mining from beach • Harbour construction • Reclamation • Seawalls/groynes • Island-based pollution

  19. Hulhule Global stresses • global warming • climate change • frequent El Ninos • coral bleaching • O3 depletion • sea level rise

  20. Coral Bleaching before during.. after

  21. Reef Damage

  22. Results • threatening natural resources • (reefs, biodiversity, tuna) • affect water resources • vulnerability to disasters • reduce resilience of the islands impact the economic and social performances

  23. Economic environment: trade blocs and regional associations are closing the doors for their few export products eroding the market preferences and export benefits. Sanitary and phytosanitary demands or ecolabelling requirements are hindering exports by SIDS. Economic status (LDC/SIDS…?) “Yardstick issue” Tend to lose preferential borrowing rights and access to special funds.

  24. ‘Compounding vulnerability’: Environmental vulnerability hastening economic vulnerability, combination of both are amplifying and escalating social vulnerability.

  25. Sustainable Development in SIDS: • Case sensitive • Narrow threshold • Insecurity • Vulnerable (internal and external shocks) • Complex • Pragmatic approach • Unity and cooperation

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