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Summarization and Personal Information Management. Carolyn Penstein Ros é Language Technologies Institute/ Human-Computer Interaction Institute. Warm-Up Exercise. Read the book reviews Underline the 5-10 sentences from each you would include in a single document summary of the review.
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Summarization and Personal Information Management Carolyn Penstein Rosé Language Technologies Institute/ Human-Computer Interaction Institute
Warm-Up Exercise • Read the book reviews • Underline the 5-10 sentences from each you would include in a single document summary of the review. • Place a star by the sentences that tell you what the author of the review presupposes would be the intended use of the book
Announcements • Questions? • Plan for Today • Project Updates • Ken Hyland Chapter
Connections with Appraisal • “Praise is defined as an act which attributes credit to another for some characteristic, attribute, skill, etc., which is positively valued by the writer • More than Attitude, more like Appreciation and Judgment • But more complex – because it confers a judgment of sorts on a product but with reference to the author – so sort of like Engagement • Criticism is also Appreciation and Judgment, but it is negative in tone
Connection with Appraisal • Gives space for neutral discussion of content with reference to the author’s own views • Engagement • You can think of the analysis in this chapter as a less technical application of Appraisal to a specific genre
Framework: More Applied Addresses the issue we saw last time with assessing judgment just from emotion words without looking at what they were connected with
Connections with Politeness • Levinson: analysis of face threat • Simpler than Appraisal • Focus is specifically how to build solidarity with the addressee by avoiding conflict • Engagement covers a much wider range of social positioning options • Still a key component: 65% of criticisms were mitigated, either through praise-criticism pairs, hedging, personal responsibility, other attribution, indirectness
Overview • It is confirmed by the study of papers done in various disciplines by Hyland that there are structural regularities which are informing of a social purpose which these reviews are meant to accomplish within the respective discipline. Hence the relationship between the reviewer and the writer is one of guidance in which the reviewer informs the author of the ever evolving field of writing. The author and the potential readers of the work view the review text from a critical standpoint. I think that a review also plays active part in informing the author of the involving field of study and this can act as a catalyst of innovation in that specific field.
What would be the summary? • A multi-document summary of book reviews can be used for different purposes. For instance for a person who is completely ignorant of a genre can use a multi-document summarization system to generate a summary of reviews of authors which are best identified for their work in that genre. A person can evaluate the multidocument summary of a book which was generated by using a collection of reviews about the same book but from the viewpoint of different authors. In that case it is important to pick on the specific local criticism to be included in the summary and the redundant ones to be excluded. A multidocument summary of a review can also help in making a decision in deciding which book to read. • Consistent with the overview? Think about the goal of the review. Is it just a • recommendation for sale or not?
What would be the summary? • Creating classes of comments, such as 'scathing critique', 'gentle critique', 'cool comment', 'pro-forma compliment', 'specific critique', 'specific compliment', 'flattering compliment', etc... and then classifying multiple reviews of a single book into the various classes would provide you the repository from which a template-based summary generator could produce a 'book-review report.'
Implications for Sentiment Analysis • Reviews are almost always presented in the context that a certain amount of 'positivity' is expected. Cool reviews, or lackluster reviews, criticize by implication through the lack of expected positive language. "If it was good, I would tell you it was good, but it isn't, so I can't. If I can't say anything nice, I'll avoid saying as much as I can.“ • As Hyland comments, linguistic rules would likely need to be consulted, as the backhanded compliments and criticisms would likely through purely statistical techniques off some (or most) of the time.
Restaurant Reviews • Participating in restaurant reviews may give an individual a felling of membership in a 'foody' community, but it is not generally a reciprocated or long-term involvement. • What else is different in the case of restaurant reviews?
Movie Reviews • A movie reviewer's primary concern while writing a movie review is to give sort of a sneak-peek into the entire movie. The reviews for a movie are usually written mostly towards the release of movies for general audiences and hence are expected eagerly by the audience. Audience decision of watching a movie in a theatres is influenced heavily by the type of review a movie receives at the hands of a reviewer. As in the case of book reviews a movie review can also help in developing a new line of thinking in the directors of a film industry as it strives them to really do in depth research about the ever evolving tastes of the audiences.
