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Kursus ‘the Teaching of Speaking’ untuk Sekolah Menengah

Kursus ‘the Teaching of Speaking’ untuk Sekolah Menengah. Speaking : Strategies & Functions PUSAT PERKEMBANGAN KURIKULUM KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA. We think all the time.

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Kursus ‘the Teaching of Speaking’ untuk Sekolah Menengah

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  1. Kursus ‘the Teaching of Speaking’ untuk Sekolah Menengah Speaking : Strategies & Functions PUSAT PERKEMBANGAN KURIKULUM KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

  2. We think all the time. • Most people experience random thinking; the jumbled stream of pictures, words, feelings and emotions which trickles compulsively in our heads.

  3. How do we direct the jumbled stream of ideas into an organized thought? 1. Once the mental pictures flash into the mind, create an ‘outline’. You need not have to write it down but rather visualize it. 2. By asking some questions to yourself, you are able to start off a conversation. Open-ended questions do encourage talk and thought. 3. Questions in a mind-mapping strategy can be formed around a central theme.

  4. Steps of organising ideas / thoughts Visualise the ideas in picture form Relate /Link to something they know Putting all related ideas in a mind map Mnemonics – To help remember the facts Verbalising – Say it to yourself

  5. DOING A MIND MAP Doing A Mind Map Is Like Having A Tree With Branches

  6. Mind Maps Why use mind maps? • Visual ways to represent information. • Organise thoughts / ideas to enhance memory. • Ideas are arranged in a cluster fashion branching out from the central idea. • Helpful when planning a conversation.

  7. Initiating a conversation in a situation For example, if you are a football enthusiast and you share a common interest with a stranger (e.g. a tourist who happens to sit next to you in the LRT). You would like to get to know this person by initiating a conversation on ‘football’.

  8. Before a word is uttered, you need to organize your thoughts so that it would attract this person to listen and respond to you. Since it is a Football World Cup fever, the central theme would be ‘World Cup’. Players Favourite team Strategy Score Venue World Cup season pride Performance enthusiasm The jumbled stream of pictures, words, feelings and emotions which trickles compulsively into the man’s thinking.

  9. Questions formed through jumbled stream of key words CENTRAL THEME Where does the match take place ? Football World Cup When will the team reveal the new jersey? Which team will score the highest? Who is a better player? Ronaldo or Totti? What strategy will the German team use against Brazil? Why do you think the manager refuses to entertain the players’ demand? • Ideas are arranged in a cluster fashion branching out from the central idea.

  10. TASK Prepare a mind map in the form of questions about each topic below: a. A pay raise for Government servants b. Sex Education c. PTK exams d. Be married or single? e. Child Kidnapping f. Is SMART for 2 really smart? g. Visit Malaysia Year 2007

  11. Vocabulary building strategies Study the following conversation: Everything is nice! Sarah : How was your weekend? Amir : Well, I had a nice weekend on a nice stretch of beach. The weather was nice too.

  12. Instead of repeating the word ‘nice’, the speaker can make his conversation interesting by selecting specific words to convey his message. Amir can just reply: “Well, I had a wonderful weekend on a beautiful stretch of beach. The weather was marvellous too.”

  13. A good thesaurus skills will help you make your language more accurate, and more varied. For example, an intermediate-level speaker would say: “My mom is a very good cook!” Imagine you would like to find a better word to use instead of ‘very good’ in the above sentence.

  14. This is what you need to do (with an aid of a thesaurus) : 1. Think of a word which expresses the basic meaning of what you want to say. good 2. Find the word in the thesaurus and read its definition. 3. Decide which alternative word is the best one for you to use. best, nice, great, excellent, well

  15. Some words which are similar to ‘very good’ may not appear in the thesaurus. Perhaps you have come across with some interesting words before while watching t.v. or reading a magazine. very good impressive terrific amazing brilliant

  16. PRACTICE ‘NICE’ WORDS Here is some common everyday use of the word ‘nice’. Find the most suitable word from the list which can replace ‘nice’ in each of the phrases below. Use each word once only. caring grand pretty friendly modern well-written fine well-mannered neat well-furnished

  17. TASK Think of similar words which can replace common words like:

  18. Functions for Effective Conversation Look at the following conversation: Cashier : Yes? (Her voice rises sharply) Mr. Smith : Yes what? Cashier (impatiently): What do you want? Mr. Smith (irritated) : I want some courtesy but I would also like to see your supervisor.

  19. What is wrong with the conversation? Starting a conversation – in fact, any exchange of words – in the right way is important. It doesn’t really matter whether it is with a stranger or a close friend. A good start creates a good impression and basically it’s not difficult to smile, avoid sharp rises in one’s voice and most important, show consideration for the other person.

  20. How To Start 1st step : Getting someone’s attention Especially in a formal situation, you may need to ask for someone’s attention before you speak. Start with an apology : Excuse me. Sorry to interrupt. Pardon me Sorry to bother you Example of getting someone’s attention A : Excuse me. B : Yes? A : Sorry to interrupt . B : That’s all right

  21. To make a request more polite You can make your request more polite by using could and expressions like a minute / moment, a couple of minutes,a few, quick and just: • Excuse me. Could I have a minute? • Sorry. Could you spare a couple of minutes? • Excuse me, but could I ask you a quick question? • Sorry to interrupt, but could I speak with you for just a moment?

  22. TASK Complete each exchange by adding a response. Then, practise the exchange. Situation 1 : A : Sorry. Could I have a minute? B : __________________________________ Situation 2 : A : Sorry to interrupt, but could I ask you a couple of questions? B : __________________________________

  23. TASK Situation 3 : A : Excuse me. Could you spare a few minutes? B : __________________________________ Situation 4 : A : Sorry to interrupt. Could I just ask a question? B : __________________________________ Situation 4 : A : Sorry. Could you spare a couple of minutes? B : __________________________________

  24. 2nd step: Greeting someone and starting a conversation Sometimes you can start a conversation with a greeting (without getting someone’s attention first) Give a greeting : Hello. Hi! There you are! Good morning / afternoon / evening.

  25. Ask how the person is: • How are you? • How have you been? • How are things? How do you respond to the above questions? I’m fine. How are you? Not bad. And you? Busy, but okay.

  26. If you know the person but haven’t met for some time: It’s been a long time. Long time no see. How do you respond to the above expressions? Yes, it has. Yes. Too long. Right. Since last July / year.

  27. Practice Complete each exchange with appropriate response: Situation 1: A : Good morning, Lim. How are you? B : Not bad. And you? A : ____________________________ Situation 2 : A : Hello, Azmi. You’re looking good. B : ___________________________

  28. 3rd step : Introducing yourself After greeting someone you don’t know, you may want to say who you are: My name’s Alina Ahmad. Please call me Lina. A : I’m Lim Chui Hoon. Everybody calls me Chui Hoon. B : Nice / Glad to meet you. My name’s Geeta Rani. Just call me Geeta.

  29. Give some basic facts about yourself: I’m Azmi’s roommate. Oh. I used to go to school with Geeta. I know Geeta from secondary school. I’m here as Geeta’s guest. Response from the other speaker: That’s nice. That’s interesting.

  30. Introducing someone else Sometimes you may want to introduce a friend or someone you know to another person you know. Say you’d like to make an introduction: There’s someone I’d like you to meet. Let me introduce you to a friend of mine. Do you know each other?

  31. Look at the following expressions: • Your relationship to the person: Amy’s an old friend of mine. Sim and I work in the same office. • What the person does: Amy works in an advertising agency. Sim is a software designer. Haziq is working on an engineering degree at the university. • An interesting fact about the person. Amy is from Penang. Sim just got back from a trip to Sabah. Haziq likes to go hiking.

  32. YOU ARE READY TO SPEAK! • Plan a conversation • Choose a topic • Come up with a mind map • Choose a person to talk to • Practise the dialogue • Execute your plan!

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