British Imperialism in India

1. British Imperialism in India

2. Advanced Weaponry EuropeanNationalism Source for Raw Materials MissionaryActivity Industrial Revolution European Motives For Colonization Markets forFinishedGoods Military& NavalBases SocialDarwinism EuropeanRacism Places toDumpUnwanted/Excess Popul. HumanitarianReasons Soc. & Eco.Opportunities “WhiteMan’sBurden”

3. British East India Company • Intervened in local wars that pitted Muslims against Hindus. • Won trade monopolies from Mughal Empire • Trained Indian soldiers (Sepoy) • Competed for and won territory from French imperialists.

4. Robert Clive and the Battle of Plassey: 1757 • Pitted Muslim nawabs and French against British and Hindus. • Gave British important Bengal region of India.

5. “Company Men” in India • Direct Rule • Three Presidencies Established: • Madras • Bombay • Calcutta • Indirect Rule of “Princely States” • British controlled local princes through agents in their courts

6. The British Raj 1818-1857 • Aimed both to introduce administrative and social reform and to hold the support of Indian allies by respecting Indian social and religious customs. • These contradictory goals led to many inconsistencies in British policies toward India. • British initially enforced caste while introducing a law code that emphasized legal equality • Attempted to outlaw sati • Required sepoys to serve overseas

7. Reasons Why the British were able to Conquer India • Industrialization • Mughal disintegration • Lack of Indian identity • Hindu/Muslim conflict

8. The British Raj 1818-1857 • British political and economic influence benefited Indian elites • created jobs in some sectors • Provided education • Oppressed the poor • Introduction of British manufactured goods caused the collapse of cottage industries (the traditional textile industry hurt the most). • New taxes forced peasants to grow cash crops not food

9. The Sepoy Rebellion 1857 • Discontent rose among the needy and particularly among the Indian soldiers. • Sparked by rumor. • The rebellion was suppressed in 1858. • It gave the British a severe shock.

10. Results of the Sepoy Rebellion • British eliminated the last traces of Mughal and Company rule and installed a new government • administered from London; aided by viceroy. • India officially a member of the British Empire. • the Indian Civil Service, now controlled the Indian masses; in theory opening all offices in colonial government to Indians • continued to emphasize tradition & reform • maintained Indian princes in luxury • and staged elaborate ceremonial pageants known as durbars

15. Economic Transformation • Expanded production and export of cash crops. • Improved infrastructure. • irrigation systems • Railroads • telegraph lines. • Freer movement of people into the cities caused the spread of cholera. • brought under control with new sewage and filtered water systems

16. Indian Reaction to Sepoy Rebellion • Indian intellectuals tended to turn toward Western secular values and western nationalism as a way of developing a Pan-Indian nationalism that would transcend regional and religious differences. • Ram Mohun Roy tried to reconcile Indian religious traditions with Western values

17. Indian National Congress • Indian middle class nationalists convened the first Indian National Congress in 1885 • The Congress promoted national unity and argued for greater inclusion of Indians in the Civil Service • It was an elite organization with little support from the masses