Unit Three

1. Unit Three

2. Practice: Convert the following sentences into passive voice orally. Someone says Professor Bao will come to see Liu and Zhen in their dorm this afternoon. Their room looks a bit dirty and untidy. They will give the room a good clean in the morning. They have to throw away the old newspapers and put everything in order. Besides, they have to take down the old posters from the wall and put up some new ones. They will make their room neat and tidy and leave a good impression on the professor.

3. Practice: • Most environmental problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them( ) taken in the past. • Was not B. were not C. were not being D. being not • 2. The patient looks as is she ( ). • A.had recovered B. had been recovered • C. Recovered D. recovers • 3.Economic uncertainty, of course, is preciselywhy commodity • A B C • futures market is existed. • D √ √

4. Practice: • 4. Gone the Chinese people were in great lack of food, money, comfort and enough housing. • A.The days when B. are the days when • C. have the days when D. the days have when • 5. All the machines by the end of the following week. • A. Will be repaired B. were repaired • C. Will have been repaired D. would be repaired • 6. I don’t remembera chance to try this method. • having been given B. to have been given • C. having given D. to have given √ √ √

5. Practice: 7. They found the lecture hard. A. To be understand B. to understand C. For understanding D. to have been understood 8. He with Prof. Smith at least four times in the past few years. A. has been seen met B. was seen to meet C. had seen meeting D. has been seen meeting 9. She was madewait for over an hour in the rain because of the A B C delay of the train. D √ √

6. 1. conscientious careful to do everything that it is your job or duty to do A conscientious teacher may feel inclined to take work home. a conscientious and hard-working student conscientiously [adverb] conscientiousness [noun] e.g. his conscientiousness and loyalty to the company

7. Language Structure Practice 3-A : Expressing sympathy & disagreement A: (Poor Tom! Lots of people make fun of him.) B: Why do they do that? A: (Because he walks with a limp.) B: well, I don't think anybody should be made fun of because of his physical handicap.

8. physical handicap • turn down • turn sb. Down: To reject sb. 拒绝某人 • e.g. We politely turned down the invitation. • 3. hoarse voice • a low rough voice • 4. shabby clothes • clothes, places, or objects are untidy and in bad condition because they have been used for a long time

9. a modern sewerage system • sewer 下水道，排水沟；缝纫机，缝纫者。 • sewerage 排水设备 • 2. renovate the stadium • to repair a building or old furniture so that it is in good condition again • e.g. The hotel has been renovated and redecorated. • [NOUN] renovation

10. Dialogue I Farewell to Rude Manners Think it • When someone treats you rudely, what is your response? • What do you choose, to be a completely civil person or just be polite when it is needed?

11. Dialogue I Farewell to Rude Manners Questions • According to A and B, what usually happens when the bus is late? Is it very crowded? • Does what A and B describe in the dialogue often happen in the city where you are? • What kind of behaviour is considered as uncivil? Can you list some other examples? Browse through the text, try to answer following questions.

12. Dialogue I Farewell to Rude Manners Read Please read the dialogue loudly with feeling and expression.

13. Dialogue I Farewell to Rude Manners Retell Try to retell the content of the dialogue, following cues may help you. A and B are commenting on some unpleasant daily occurrences in pubic places. 1. A tells B about his personal experience at a bus stop .. 2. B in turn tells A about what he saw on the bus .. 3. A and B talk about what young people should do and should not do.

14. Dialogue I Language Points 1 You’re not bothered by rude people with their rough behaviour ①Bother 1.WORRY e.g. Being in a crowd really bothers me. It was very noisy, but that didn't bother me. It really bothered me that he'd forgotten my birthday. 2. DISTURB OR ANGER e.g. Sorry to bother you, but Mr. Grey is on the line. Cliff didn't want to bother himself with masses of detail. Danny, don't bother Ellen while she's reading. Would it bother you if I put on some music? 3.CAUSE PAIN e.g. My back's been bothering me. 4.FRIGHTEN e.g. Don't worry, my dog won't bother you. If he starts bothering you, let me know.

15. Dialogue I Language Points 1 You’re not bothered by rude people with their rough behaviour ②rough粗糙的, 粗略的, 大致的, 粗野的, 粗暴的, 粗略叙述的 1.NOT SMOOTH[opposite]smooth e.g. Her hands were rough from hard work. 2.NOT EXACT[synonym]approximate e.g. Could you give me a rough idea what time you'll be home? a rough estimate of the cost 3. DIFFICULT[synonym]tough e.g. The first year was rough, but things have gotten better. My boyfriend and I were going through a rough time. 4. NOT GENTLE[opposite]gentle e.g. Rugby is a very rough sport. Don't be too rough - she's only little.

16. Dialogue I Language Points 2 With no order, and in a near-riot. • violent outburst of lawlessness by the people in a district • e.g. The police put down a riot by force during the election. • police in bullet-proof vests and carrying riot shields • 2. An unrestrained outbreak, as of laughter or passions. • e.g. a riot of emotion • 3. a riot of colour • something with many different bright colours • e.g. The garden is a riot of colour in spring.

17. Dialogue I Language Points 3 You have to fight your way in and fight your way out when.. Phrase expansion: the families of those who fought in the war rebel forces fighting against the Russians They fought for control of the islands. He had to fight several other applicants for the job. She fought her way back into the first team. Two guys were fighting with each other in the street. They were fighting over a girl. They're fighting about who should do the dishes. We fought our way through the crowd. He's rich now, but he had to fight tooth and nail for it. She looked away, fighting back her tears We left them to fight it out .

18. Dialogue I Language Points 4 At the bus terminal there was a big crowd. • n.   公共汽车终点站 Please wait for me at the bus terminal. • 请在公共汽车终点站等我。 • I'll keep with you to the bus terminal. • 我陪你到公共汽车终点站。 • station, stop, terminal • 这些名词均可表示“站”之意。station: 普通用词，一般指火车站或汽车站。stop: 多指公共汽车站，尤指中途停车站。terminal: 指火车、公共汽车或飞机的终点(总)站。

19. Dialogue I Language Points 5 The waiting crowd turned into a charging mob. • Turn into… • 1.  Caterpillars turn into butterflies. • 毛毛虫可以变成蝴蝶。 • 2.  Out of work for almost a year now, Mrs. Johnson is one of the thousands of unemployed in New York, New Jersey and Connecticut who have seen weeks turn into months with still no job on the horizon. • 约翰逊太太失业已近一年。而她不过是纽约、新泽西、康涅狄格州成千上万失业者之一。他们眼见一周周、一月月地过去，工作仍渺无踪影。 • 3.  A flicker of interest soon turn into the burning flames of desire. • 一丝情趣的星星之火未几演成了乾柴烈火。

20. Dialogue I Language Points 6 The waiting crowd turned into a charging mob. mob 1. a large noisy crowd, especially one that is angry and violent e.g. a mob of a few hundred demonstrators They were immediately surrounded by the mob. 2. [informal] a group of people of the same type [synonym] gang mob of e.g. The usual mob of teenagers were standing on the corner. charge : To attack violently e.g. The troops charged the enemy line. the wounded lion suddenly charged at me.

21. Dialogue I Language Points 7 …fell down in this mad scramble. [noun] an unceremonious (rude, impolite,uncivilized)scuffle or struggle. e.g. There was a scramble for the best seats. [verb] To struggle or contend frantically in order to get something: e.g. scrambled for the best seats. the players scrambled for / to get possession of the ball. Children scrambled for the coins that were thrown to them.

22. Dialogue I Language Points 8 Next to the seats reserved for the old and weak… • 1.  He still reserved his opinion on some points. • 在一些问题上，他仍然保留自己的意见。 • 2.  Please reserve a seat for me. • 请为我预定一个座位。 • 3.  As I require money quickly I must draw on my reserve. • 由于我急于用钱，我必须取出存款。 • 4.  The ultimate reserve was a source of his fascination and his power. • 最大限度的克制是他获得魅力和力量的一个源泉。 • 5.  He spoke with reserve. • 他说话谨慎。

23. Dialogue I Language Points 8 Next to the seats reserved for the old and weak… • keep, retain, reserve, preserve, conserve, withhold • 这些动词均有“保持，保存”之意。keep: 最常用词，指长时间牢固地保持或保存。retain: 指继续保持。reserve: 正式用词，指为了将来的用途或其他用途而保存、保留。preserve: 主要指为防止损害、变质等而保存。conserve: 一般指保存自然资源，保全人的精力、力量等。withhold: 指扣住不放，暗示有阻碍。

24. Dialogue I Language Points 9 The seats were occupied by two robust young men who totally ignored her presence. Robust:a robust person is strong and healthy e.g. a robust man of six feet four ignore e.g. You can't ignore the fact that many criminals never go to prison. The phone rang, but she ignored it. Sam rudely ignored the question. [noun] ignorance lack of knowledge or information about something Excuse my ignorance, but how does it actually work?

25. Dialogue I Language Points 10 Those young men were too preoccupied with themselves. thinking about something a lot, with the result that you do not pay attention to other things e.g. What's wrong with Cindy? She seems a little preoccupied. preoccupied with He's completely preoccupied with all the wedding preparations at the moment.

26. Dialogue I Language Points 11 It’s time we bade farewell to all rude manners. Bid 1. to offer to pay a particular price for goods, especially in an auction e.g. She bid £100 for a Victorian chair. The two men ended up bidding against each other at the auction. 2. to offer to do work or provide services for a specific price, in competition with other offers Three firms bid for the contract on the new buildings. 3. Bid farewell = say goodbye to [also] say farewell to sb./sth

27. Dialogue I Language Points 12 Socialist moral standards ought to be passed down from … Phrase expand I'll pass the information on to our sales department. They've passed the enquiry over to the police. (Give information) She passed with flying colours (=got very high marks) . I'm afraid I'll have to pass on that offer of coffee. (not accept an invitation) One catches the virus and they pass it on to the rest. Any increase in our costs will have to be passed on to the consumer. This is the second time I've been passed over for promotion (=someone else has been given a higher job instead of me) . I don't think you should pass up the opportunity to go to university.( to not make use of a chance)

28. Dialogue I Farewell to Rude Manners Discussion The root of rude manners in our country

29. Dictation Two millionA American women enter the work force every year. The new workers include all ages and backgrounds: teenagers, college graduates, young housewives, society women and older women who have lost their husbands. Altogether, more than half the eighty-four million women in the United States are now employed or seeking employment. Although most of them are still holding tightly to the womanly jobs such as nursing, teaching, and office work, a growing number of pioneers are venturing into other fields. They run business; they manage farms; they become astronauts, carpenters, layers, truck or taxi-drivers, coal miners, or politicians. They join the army or the navy. So far no woman has become president of the country; but that might happen, as indeed it has happened in other nations.

30. Dialogue I Farewell to Rude Manners Role-play A Retired Teacher’s Impressions

31. Role-play Language Points 1 In China while some people are imbued with …. • be imbued with… • Imbue: • v.  灌输 ,使感染He managed to imbue his employees with team spirit. • 他成功激发起雇员的团队精神。 • 使充满You should imbue your children with ambition to succeed • 你应该使你的孩子充满希望成功的雄心。 • be imbued with… • His work is imbued with the evolutionary spirit. 他的作品中充满了进化论的思想。He is imbued with the self-criticism. 他富有自我批评的精神。

32. Role-play Language Points 2 …taken out sightseeing once in a while. Once in a while: now and then; occasionally 偶尔;有时;时不时 1.Once in a while, if a late story is so important it cannot be passed up, an attempt is made to insert it during the broadcast. 有时如果一条晚到的新闻很重要,不容忽略,那就要设法在播送节目时安插进去。 2. We went to see our English teacher once in a while.我们偶尔去看我们的英语老师。

33. Role-play Language Points 3 He cites to him some examples of people’s good service … • Cite: • vt.  1.引用 • The lawyer cited a previous case to support his argument. • 律师引用了以前的案例来支持他的论点。 • It's no use citing the Bible to somebody who doesn't believe in God. • 对不信上帝的人引用圣经的话是没用的。

34. Role-play Language Points 3 He cites to him some examples of people’s good service … • 2.传讯He was cited for contempt of court. • 他因蔑视法庭而被传讯。 • 3.表扬The soldier was cited by the king for his bravery. • 这士兵由于英勇而受到国王的褒扬。 • 4.举(例)To illstrate the theory in question, we can cite many examples.为了说明我们讨论的这一理论,我们可以举一些例子。

35. spelling 1.announce 2. sufficient 3. definition 4.immediate 5.appreciate 6.academic 7.accuracy 8. separate 9.existence 10.mental 11. various 12. challenge

36. Dictation • Travelling by air can be enjoyable, but it is often frightening and strange the first time. I took my little boy, Douglas, for his first flight last month. When we arrived at the airport, he wanted to know why the official weighed the luggage. Then he wondered why he needed a passport. He didn’t understand what the security check was for. Then he asked where the air stewardess was. When he saw the plane, he couldn’t understand how it could fly in the air. Of course, he wanted to see how the captain worked and where he sat. he soon got bored and started asking when the plane would land. What a lot of questions! I was very pleased when we finally landed.

37. Dialogue II Uncertainty Practice Using uncertain expressions, work in pairs, take in turns to inquire and respond to the following topics. (Textbook Page 30.)

38. When he tries to elucidate further but finds that he can’t do it… • [i'lu:sideit, i'lu:sə.deit] (clarify, explain, illuminate) • 1.阐明 There is no need for him to elucidate. • 他没有必要去详细阐明。 • I will try to elucidate what I think the problems are. • 我将尽力阐明我认为问题的所在。 • 2.说明Please elucidate the reasons for your action. • 请说明你采取行动的理由。

39. I can’t make out what is crawling there on the floor. 1. crawl along/across etc The baby crawled across the floor. 2. if an insect crawls, it moves using its legs crawl over/up etc There's a bug crawling up your leg. 3. crawl into/out of bed to get into or out of bed slowly because you are very tired We crawled into bed at 2 am. 4. if a vehicle crawls, it moves forward very slowly crawl by/along etc The traffic was crawling along.

40. This is part of the interrogation. • [in'terəgeit, in'terə.geit] ( questioning, inquiry/enquiry) • v.   质问,  讯问,  审问 • I decide to interrogate the abductors. • 我决定去质问那帮绑架犯。

41. The windowpanes are opaque. [əu'peik]adj. • antonym: transparent  • 1.不透明的: not transparent This is an opaque cup. • 这是一个不透明的杯子。 • The window is made of opaque glass. • 这扇窗是用不透明的玻璃做的。 • 2.难懂的:obscure, incomprehensive • The report was written in long, opaque sentences. • 报告中的句子又长又难懂。 • Their intentions remained opaque. • 他们的意图仍然令人费解。

42. I might overlooked some corners. [.əuvə'luk] • vt.   俯瞰 1.俯瞰湖泊的房子要价高些。 • Houses which overlook the lake cost more. • 2.我们找到了可俯瞰山谷的优美地点。 • We find a beautiful situation that can overlook the valley. • Vt. 没注意到,忽视1.不应忽视困难。 • We should not overlook the difficulties. • 2.我不能忽视这样的罪行。 • I can't afford to overlook such a crime.

43. Call on sb. • 1.拜访 昨天有个人来拜访过你。 • A certain person called on you yesterday. • 2.号召他号召工人为争取自己的权利而斗争。 • He called on the workers to fight for their rights.

44. Reading I A Shopper’s Nightmare Think it • Have you ever been misunderstood by others? • What would you do if you are treated badly just because you are misunderstood? • What else you can do if all the explanations seem useless?

45. Reading I A Shopper’s Nightmare Questions 1. Where was the birthday gift bought? 2. What was the problem with the jumper? 3. Why did the author go to London with her friends? 4. What happened when the author left the store? 5. What was the author accused of? 6. How did the author prove that she was innocent? 7. What would have happened to the author had it no been a clear-cut case? 8. What was it that the author was most unhappy about this store?

46. Reading I A Shopper’s Nightmare Retell Cause process  result

47. Dialogue I Language Points 1 It would be sensible to dash into the large department store ① sensible 1.reasonable, practical, and showing good judgment e.g. She seems very sensible. It's sensible to keep a note of your passport number. 2.suitable for a particular purpose, and practical rather than fashionable e.g. Eat a sensible diet and exercise daily. an old woman in sensible shoes and a neat skirt 3. [formal] noticeable e.g. a sensible increase in temperature 4. be sensible of something literary to know or realize that something exists or is true e.g. He was very sensible of the difficult situation she was in.

48. Reading I Language Points 1 It would be sensible to dash into the large department store ②dash into to go or run somewhere very quickly e.g. Olive dashed into the room, grabbed her bag, and ran out again.

49. Reading 1 Language Points 2 My arms were grabbed viciously by a stern, bearded man.. ① grab 1. to take hold of someone or something with a sudden or violent movement [synonym] snatch e.g. I grabbed my bag and ran off. I managed to grab the gun from Bowen. 2. to get some food or sleep quickly because you are busy e.g. Why don't you go and grab some sleep? Let's grab a bite to eat before we go. 3. to take an opportunity, accept an invitation etc immediately e.g. I think you should grab your chance to travel while you're young. She grabbed the opportunity to go to America.

50. reading I Language Points 2 My arms were grabbed viciously by a stern, bearded man.. ② viciously 1.violent and cruel in a way that hurts someone physically e.g. a vicious murder a vicious killer Keep away from that dog, he can be vicious. 2.very unkind in a way that is intended to hurt someone's feelings or make their character seem bad e.g. Sarah can be quite vicious at times. She was shocked by the vicious tone in his voice. 3. unpleasantly strong or severe[synonym] violent viciously [adverb] e.g. He twisted her arm viciously. viciousness [noun]