Treaty of Versailles

1. Treaty of Versailles Punishment of Germany

2. Match Up the opinions of the “Big Three” in your jotters.

4. Public Opinion • France – Suffered too much to allow the Germans to be forgiven • Britain – Also suffered too much to allow the German to be forgiven • USA – Had not suffered as they joined the war late and had small causalities and no fighting took place in USA • British & French believed that GERMANY STARTED THE WAR. • WANTED REVENGE

5. Cost of the War. • What the Government spent • Germany £8,394 Million • Austria-Hungary £4,563 Million • Turkey and Bulgaria £499 Million • Russia £5,021 Million • Great Britain £7,852 Million • France £5,392 Million

6. Military Loss of Life • Germany 2,000,000 • Russia 1,700,000 • France 1,358,000 • Austria 1,100,000 • Great Britain 761,213 • Italy 460,000 • Turkey 375,000 • British Empire 251,900 • USA 114,095

7. Punishment • Clemenceau’s victory at the peace talks. • The American public opinion did not reflect President Wilson. • Public opinion would not accept a peace that did not curb German power. • The dictated treaty reflected the views of Clemenceau.

9. The Terms of the Treaty • 7th May 1919 • The Germans expected a ‘fair’ treaty and were shocked by the terms of the treaty. • However they were in no position to fight so were forced to sign the treaty. • The Treaty contained over 200 clauses

10. Blame • Germany had to accept the Blame for starting the war (Clause 231). • This caused a lot of anger in Germany He Started the War! They blame us for the war. ARGGH

11. Article 231 • Germany accepts the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied governments have been subjected as a consequence of the war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her allies.

12. Reparations • Germany had to pay £6,600 million (called Reparations) for the damage done during the war. • Article 232 of the Treaty

13. Article 232 • Germany undertakes that she will make compensation for all damage done to the civilian population of the Allied powers and to their property

14. German Army • Limited to 100,000 men

15. No Submarines • No Battleships • No Military Aircraft

16. League of Nations set up to settle international disputes

17. Germany lost all of her colonies and was banned from forming an alliance with Austria

18. Anschluss • The Anschluss was forbidden. • This meant that Germany and Austria were not allowed to unite to form one country or Alliance.

19. Loss of land • Additionally Germany lost 13% of her European land and 10% of her population. • The Polish corridor was created to give Poland access to the Baltic Sea.

20. Demilitarised Zone • The Rhineland was demilitarised to prevent future attack on France or Belgium.

21. Questions • 1. Were the military terms of treaty unfair to Germany? • 2. Why was the Anschluss forbidden by the Treaty of Versailles? • 3. Why is article 231 of the treaty known as the War Guilt Clause? • 4. Were the Allies justified in forcing Germany to sign Articles 231 and 232 of the Treaty of Versailles?