HIV/AIDS

1. HIV/AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

2. HIV/AIDS • HIV-Human Immunodeficiency Virus • AIDS-Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome • Normal: T-Cell Count of 800-1200 • Low: T-Cell Count of 650-800 • Early HIV: T-Cell Count of 450-650 • Late HIV: T-Cell Count of 201 – 450 • AIDS: T-Cell Count of 200 or below

3. Symptoms • Early HIV: Flu-Like Symptoms • Cough • Cold • Headaches • Malaise (Tired feeling, not wanting to do anything) • Skin Rash • Acute Retroviral Syndrome: The explosion of early symptoms from HIV

4. Symptoms • Late HIV Symptoms • Short-Term Memory Loss • Shingles • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

5. Symptoms • AIDS • ARC (Aids Related Complications) • Pneumonia • Encephalitis causing brain rotting causing verbal babbling • Toxoplasmosis: Cat Disease • Kaposi’s Sarcoma (KS): Skin Cancer • Cytomegalovirus: Infections of the Retina

6. Causes & Passing of the Virus • Passed in fluids: Semen, Blood, Vaginal Fluids, Breast Milk • Not passed in fluids: Saliva, Urine, Sweat, Tears • Passed in Methods: Anal sex, Vaginal sex, Oral Sex; Transfusions, Needles; Birth; Breast Feeding • Not passed in Methods: Kissing, Mosquito Bites

7. Names Prior to HIV • Gay Pneumonia • Gay Cancer • GRID-Gay Related Immune Deficiency • HIV sufferers may or may not get AIDS. Those who show no symptoms for a long time are known as “Long-Term non-progressors • Those who have AIDS are terminally ill.

8. Growing Groups of AIDS Sufferers • Upper-Middle Class females in their teens and twenties • Gay Men • The Elderly • Children are no longer a growing group

9. Science of the Virus • HIV is a retrovirus which means that it replicates itself in the system and attaches itself to the cells. There has never been a cure for a retrovirus. • CD4-Alarms • CD8-Killer Cells • CCR5-HIV attaches to this enzyme

10. Testing for AIDS & Scope of the VIrus • 2 Tests must be done, both blood tests. One must be done 6 months after the other with no risky behavior in between. If both are negative, then the person does not have HIV. • 1 million infections in the USA, ½ million deaths (110/55 per day) • 40 million infections world-wide, 21 million deaths (4400/2200 per day) • Today, AIDS is most prominent in Africa

11. Important Dates • 1930’s: Disease is rumored to be around • 1968: Disease is thought to have been in the USA but no proof • 1977: Disease is first found in Denmark, but not named yet • 1978: Disease spreads through parts of Europe, especially France • 1980: Disease first comes to the USA

12. Dates Cont’d • 1981: Disease spreads through the USA, especially in San Francisco, Los Angeles, Chicago, & New York. • 1983: AIDS is first given its name at the CDC-Blood-Bank Meetings by Dr. Vellnor • 1983 (October): HIV is isolated & found in the labs. • 1984 (April): HIV is announced to the public • 1985: Blood banks are asked to begin testing for the virus • 1992: Magic Johnson is diagnosed with HIV, popularizing the disease world-wide.

13. Important People • Don Francis: CDC Researcher who dedicated his life to fighting the virus and finding a cure. Had previously worked on Ebola & Hepatitis B. • Bill Krause: Gay politician with direct ties to Washington D.C. who fought for gay rights and the prejudice against gays. • Bill Darrow: CDC Researcher who discovered that HIV was sexually transmitted by linking 40 cases over 10 cities back to patient zero.

14. People • Harold Jaffe: CDC worker who discovered that HIV was passed through the blood stream • Dale Lawrence: CDC worker who also discovered that HIV was passed through the blood stream • Marco Conant: Dr. who secretly treated many AIDS patients despite prejudice and loss of other patients. • Mary Guinan: CDC worker who assisted Don Francis with finding the virus.

15. People • Jim Curran: CDC boss who argued with Don Francis due to politics and finances. • GatanDugash: Patient Zero; Gay flight-attendant who brought HIV into the U.S. • Selma Dritz: Straight politician who fought HIV and fought for gay rights. • Luc Montagnier: French researcher who also worked on discovering AIDS • Bob Gallo: USA Scientist who worked for the National Cancer Institute who worked on AIDS and founded Leukemia.

16. Relationship between AIDS & Leukemia • 2 Kinds of Leukemia • HTLV I (Deadly) & HTLV II (Non-Deadly) • When Gallo discovered that 2 of his patients also had AIDS, he became interested and wanted to link AIDS & Leukemia, thereby calling AIDS HTLV III.

17. Gay Bath House Controversy • Gay Bath Houses: Place where gay people anonymously went to have sex, similar to a Brothel. • Infections sky rocketed due to gay bath houses but politicians did not want to shut them down. The “vocal minority” of gay people did not want them shut down either as it was their expression of sexual freedom.

18. Hemophilia & AIDS • Hemophiliacs blood does not clot. They need blood clotting mechanisms. “Factorate” is a blood clotting mechanism that allows blood to clot. It is donated blood from thousands of people that is chemically altered. • Hemophiliacs had increased infections rate due to blood donations. 89% of hemophiliacs who received blood got infected.

19. HIV/AIDS Essay • Using a chronological time line which begins in 1975 and progresses towards the year 2000, explain the history of the AIDS virus including the most important people within the virus. Also, discuss how the disease was politically important. Finally, include a statement on where you see the United States with AIDS 25 years from now.