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Everything you ever wanted to know about simple and complex sentences

Everything you ever wanted to know about simple and complex sentences. Simple sentences Indirect statement Independent subjunctives Sequence of tenses Purposes clauses Indirect questions Indirect commands. Simple sentences. Ea Romam venit . She is coming to Rome.

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Everything you ever wanted to know about simple and complex sentences

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  1. Everything you ever wanted to know about simple and complex sentences Simple sentences Indirect statement Independent subjunctives Sequence of tenses Purposes clauses Indirect questions Indirect commands

  2. Simple sentences • Ea Romamvenit. She is coming to Rome. • Ea Romamveniet. • Ea Romamveniebat. • Ea Romamvēnit. • Ea Romamvēnerat. • Ea Romamvēnerit.

  3. Indirect statement: uses verbs of the senses + accusative + infintive (time relative to time of main verb) • DiciteamRomam venire. He says that she is coming to Rome. • DiciteamRomamvēnisse. • Dixit eamRomam venire. • Dixit eamRomamvēnisse. Note: the verb iubeo, iubere, iussi, iussum, “I order,” and other verbs expressing a command, also take accusative + infinitive with the same rules about relative time • IubeoeamRomam venire. • IussieamRomam venire.

  4. Independent Subjunctives:ImperativeVolitive subjunctive Imperative • Romamveni! NoliRomam venire! • Romamvenite! NoliteRomam venire! Volitive subjunctive • Romamvenias! You should come to Rome! • NoliRomamvenire! • NoliteRomam venire! • Ea Romamveniat! • Ne ea Romamveniat!

  5. Independent SubjunctivesOptative subjunctive: utinam optional; use ne for negative wish for the future: present subjunctive • (Utinam) ea Romamveniat! If only she might come to Rome! wish for the present: imperfect subjunctive • (Utinam) ea Romamveniret! wish for the past: pluperfect subjunctive • (Utinam) ea Romamvenisset.

  6. Sequence of tenses: used for conjugated verbs in subordinate clauses (purpose clauses, indirect questions)(also result clauses) To express same time or time after in the subordinate clause If the main verb is the subordinate verb is in present, future, future perfect present subjunctive To express time before in the subordinate clause If the main verb is the subordinate verb is in present, future, future perfect perfect subjunctive To express same time or time after in the subordinate clause If the main verb isthe subordinate verb is in imperfect, perfect, pluperfect imperfect subjunctive To express time before in the subordinate clause If the main verb is the subordinate verb is in imperfect, perfect, pluperfect pluperfect subjunctive (time before)

  7. Purpose clauses: time of subjunctive relative to time of main verbmain verb: present, future, future perfect subordinate verb: present subjunctive • Ea diligenterlaboratutRomamveniat. She works hard so that she might come to Rome. • Ea diligenterlaborabitutRomamveniat. • Ea diligenterlaboraveritutRomamveniat.

  8. Purpose clauses: time of subjunctive relative to time of main verbmain verb: imperfect, perfect, pluperfect subordinate verb: imperfect subjunctive • Ea diligenterlaborabatutRomamveniret. She was working hard so that she might come to Rome. • Ea diligenterlaboravitutRomamveniret. • Ea diligenterlaboraveratutRomamveniret.

  9. Indirect questions: time of subjunctive relative to time of main verbmain verb: present, future, future perfect subordinate verb: present subjunctive (same time, time after)main verb: present, future, future perfect subordinate verb: perfect subjunctive (time before) • Dicitquando ea Romamveniat. He says when she is coming / will come to Rome. • Dicetquando ea Romamveniat. • Dixeritquando ea Romamveniat. • Dicitquando ea Romamvēnerit. He says when she came to Rome. • Dicetquando ea Romamvēnerit. • Dixeritquando ea Romamvēnerit.

  10. Indirect questions: time of subjunctive relative to time of main verbmain verb: imperfect, perfect, pluperfect subordinate verb: imperfect subjunctive (same time, time after)main verb: imperfect, perfect, pluperfect subordinate verb: pluperfect subjunctive(time before) • Dicebatquando ea Romamveniret. He was saying when she was coming / would come to Rome. • Dixit quando ea Romamveniret. • Dixeratquando ea Romamveniret. • Dicebatquando ea Romamvēnisset. He was saying when she had come to Rome. • Dixit quando ea Romamvēnisset. • Dixeratquando ea Romamvēnisset.

  11. Indirect commands: verbs that express a request or command(oro, “I beg,” or rogo, “I ask”)time of subjunctive relative to time of main verb (negative: ne)main verb: present, future, future perfect subordinate verb: present subjunctive • Oro ut ea Romamveniat. I beg her to come to Rome. • Orabout ea Romamveniat. • Oraveritut ea Romamveniat.

  12. Indirect commands: verbs that express a request or command(oro, “I beg,” or rogo, “I ask”)time of subjunctive relative to time of main verb (negative: ne)verb: imperfect, perfect, pluperfect subordinate verb: imperfect subjunctive • Orabamut ea Romamveniret. I was begging her to come to Rome. • Oraviut ea Romamveniret. • Oraveratut ea Romamveniret.

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