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Flexible Fire Resistive Duct Enclosures

This article discusses the importance of using flexible fire resistive duct enclosures in commercial kitchens to prevent fires related to cooking equipment. It provides information on the materials, installation procedures, and codes and approvals for these enclosures. It also explains the tests and performance requirements for grease and air duct enclosures.

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Flexible Fire Resistive Duct Enclosures

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  1. Flexible Fire Resistive Duct Enclosures

  2. Fires related to cooking equipment represent the largest category of eating and drinking establishment fires in the U.S.

  3. During the period from 1992-1996, there have been an average of 11,200 fires and $164 million in property losses per year.

  4. Approximately 4,600 of those fires were traced to kitchen equipment such as stoves, deep fat fryers, open fired grills and GREASE HOODS and DUCTS.

  5. Grease and Air Duct Enclosures

  6. What is Grease and Air Duct Insulation? Traditional, Generic Materials Flexible Wraps Product Information Installation procedures Codes and approvals Summary

  7. What is a Fire Resistive Grease and Air Duct Enclosure?

  8. A high temperature insulation enclosure system designed to provide 1 and 2 hour fire rated shaft alternative and zero clearance to combustibles protection for commercial kitchen exhaust grease ducts. In HVAC air ventilation ducts, the insulation enclosure system provides a 1 or 2 hour shaft alternative to rigid board systems. Grease and Air Duct Flexible Fire Resistive Enclosure

  9. Previously Used Systems • Factory built enclosures • Field flexible wrap or rigid board built enclosures • Drywall enclosures

  10. Commercial Kitchen Grease & Air Ventilation Duct Enclosure Materials Factory Built Enclosure A listed and labeled factory-built self contained grease duct enclosure system evaluated for reduced clearance to combustibles. • Field Built Flexible Wrap or Board Enclosure • A listed and labeled field fabricated system for reduced clearances to combustibles and an alternative to a 1 or 2 hour fire resistance rated shaft enclosures for commercial kitchen grease and HVAC air ventilation ducts.

  11. Why is an Enclosure Necessary? Grease: Flammable Grease Vapors + High Temperature Operation = Hot, Fast Moving Fire Air: External Fire Attack (Room Fire Conditions)

  12. Contain Internal Duct Fires and prevent heat transfer to nearby combustibles Repel External Fires from entering the duct and becoming a conduit of rapid fire spread Block Fire Prorogation through through penetration openings Limit Enclosure Material’s Surface Flammability Performance Requirements

  13. UL Classification Grease (YYET) Air Duct (HNLJ) Fire Stop (XHEZ) Product Flammability (BHWV) Omega Point Laboratories Grease Duct (GD) Air Duct (VAD) Fire Stop (FS) Product Flammability (Division 7) Laboratory Listing Categories

  14. Grease Duct Enclosure Tests • Grease Duct • Fire Resistance - Internal (UL1978) • Fire Resistance - Internal (AC101) • Fire Resistance - External (ASTM E-119/UL263) • Through-Penetration Fire stop (ASTM E-814/UL1479) • Surface Flammability (ASTM E-84/UL723) • Hot Surface (ASTM C411) • Combustion Behavior (ASTM E 136) • Thermal Conductivity “Aging” (ASTM C 518)

  15. External Engulfment Air Duct Test (ISO 6944) Test representative of maximum width to height ratio intended for use Fire Stop Test (ASTM E814/UL 1479) Establishes F & T rating Surface Flammability (ASTM E-84/UL723) Air Ventilation Duct Enclosure Tests

  16. Grease Duct Enclosure Internal Grease Duct Fire Test (UL 1978) • 500°F (260°C) for 4 hours • Max. Single TC rise is 117°F (65°C) if not in contact with duct or 90°F if enclosure is in contact with duct • 2000°F (1093°C) for 1/2 hour; Max. single TC rise is 250°F (121°C) • Accepted by ICCES (BOCA, SBCCI) in East and Mid-West U.S.

  17. Grease Duct EnclosureInternal Grease Duct Fire Test (AC101) • 500°F (260°C) gasses into duct for 4 hours; max. temperature on surface under insulating pad is 117°F (65°C) above ambient • 2000°F (1093°C) at duct test area for 1/2 hour; max. average temperature rise surface under insulating pad is 250°F (121°C), max individual temperature rise 325°F (198°F) • Accepted by ICBO in Western U.S.

  18. Grease Duct EnclosureExternal Grease Duct Test – Full Engulfment • ASTM E-119 • 2 Hour engulfment plus hose stream test for integrity of duct • ASTM E 814 • 2 Hour through-penetration firestop test

  19. Grease Duct Enclosure Tests • ASTM E84 Surface Burning Characteristics • Flame Spread Rating must be < 25 • Smoke Developed Rating must be < 450 • Covers Core Insulation and Covering Material

  20. Performance Tests for Air Ducts • ISO 6944 – Full engulfment test with a negative pressure on the duct. Duct must resist collapse during the test. • ASTM E814 – Through Penetration Firestop Test • Surface Flammability (ASTM E84/UL723)

  21. Flexible Wraps Review

  22. High Temperature Insulation Blanket One or Two Layers Required 1 ½” or 2” Material Thickness Applied directly to Duct Surface Joints Overlapped 3” or alternate installation techniques available Filament Tape / Banding Attachment Design Features

  23. Available Product Forms Un-encapsulated Blanket Aluminum Foil Faced Blanket One Side Total Aluminum Foil Encapsulated

  24. Flexible Wrap Features Total Foil Encapsulated: • Durable Aluminum Foil Scrim Covering • Resists Tearing • Resists Grease or Water Condensation Absorption • Minimizes Fiber Exposure

  25. Installation Details

  26. Two Layers Flexible Duct Insulation Fire Stop Sealant Backing Material: Un-faced Flexible Wrap Blanket Scrap or 3 pcf Mineral Wool Installation Details

  27. Installation Details Measure to include overlaps

  28. Installation Details Aluminum taped exposed cut edges

  29. Installation Details • 1 or 2 Layers • 3” Overlap at seams or approved alternate installation techniques • Tape exposed cut blanket edges

  30. Installation Details Blanket thickness should not be compromised

  31. Installation Details Banding snug, but not to cut into blanket

  32. Installation Details Access Doors

  33. Codes & Approvals

  34. Code Language –”Exception” Requirement Code • Must be Listed & Labeled System NFPA 96, IMC • Material Covers All Sides of Duct NFPA 96, IMC • Firestop = F&T Rating NFPA 96, IMC • Zero Clearance Option Identified NFPA 96

  35. Plenum Wrap Plastic Pipe, Concealed Spaces Conduit Wrap Emergency Feeder Lines Cable Tray Wrap Industrial Control Systems Other Wrap Opportunities

  36. About the IFC Founded in 1990, the IFC is a nonprofit organization of industry experts committed to making buildings safer through passive fire containment. With membership composed of manufacturers, firefighters, distributors, and users of passive fire protective materials and systems, IFC aims to promote passive fire containment through awareness, education and development of codes and standards. Website - www.firestop.org Email - Info@firestop.org Voting Members

  37. Available educational seminars on our website include….. • Firestop 101 – An introduction to firestopping • Curtain Wall Protection • Firestop System Selection • Flexible Duct Wrap Systems • Fire Protection of Construction Joints • Commonly Made Mistakes

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