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U.S. Expansion: 1878 - 1901

U.S. Expansion: 1878 - 1901. In the late nineteenth-century business interests influenced U.S. foreign policy, contributing to expansionist pressures. Many elements in the United States insisted that national greatness required America to match European and Japanese imperial expansion.

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U.S. Expansion: 1878 - 1901

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  1. U.S. Expansion: 1878 - 1901 In the late nineteenth-century business interests influenced U.S. foreign policy, contributing to expansionist pressures.

  2. Many elements in the United States insisted that national greatness required America to match European and Japanese imperial expansion.

  3. Advocates of a stronger navy fueled expansionism. In The Influence of Sea Power Upon History (1890), Alfred T. Mahan equated sea power with national greatness.

  4. Hawaiian Annexation Trading ships had visited Hawaii as early as the 1790s. Missionaries had arrived in the 1820s

  5. By the 1860s American-owned sugar plantations dotted the islands.

  6. The American planters imposed a new constitution on Hawaii’s ruler, Kalakaua. In 1887 the United States built a naval base a Pearl Harbor.

  7. In 1891 Liliuokalani, a strong-willed woman hostile to Americans, became queen. In January 1893 the planters deposed the queen and proclaimed the independent Republic of Hawaii and requested U.S. annexation.

  8. In 1898 Congress proclaimed Hawaii an American territory. The grab for Hawaii troubled President Grover Cleveland, who sent a representative to investigate whether the Hawaiian people actually desired annexation. When William McKinley succeeded Cleveland in 1897, the acquisition of Hawaii rapidly moved forward.

  9. The Spanish-American War The first action came on May 1, 1898, when a U.S. fleet commanded by George Dewey steamed into Manila Bay in the Philippines and destroyed all ten Spanish ships anchored there. 1898 Puck Magazine cover featuring George Dewey

  10. In mid-August U.S. troops occupied the capital, Manila

  11. Alfonso Sanz Print “Battle of Manila Bay” (1898)

  12. In Cuba the fighting centered on the military stronghold of Santiago de Cuba on the southeastern coast.

  13. On July 1 American troops seized two strongly defended Spanish garrisons.

  14. Charge of the Rough Riders at San Juan Hillby Frederic Remington

  15. On July 3 the Spanish navy attempted to break through the American blockade to the open sea

  16. Alfonso Sanz Print, "Battle of Santiago de Cuba" (1898)

  17. In the peace treaty signed that December in Paris, Spain recognized Cuba’s independence and ceded the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and the Pacific island of Guam to the United States

  18. "Our Terms," Judge, 1898by Eugene Zimmerman

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