1 / 26

History of chemistry in Latvia and Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis

History of chemistry in Latvia and Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis. Professor Jānis Stradiņš Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis Latvian Academy of Sciences. David Hieronimus Grindel. David Hieronimus GRINDEL (1776-1836). Latvian pharmaceutist, chemist, medical doctor, naturalist

darrin
Télécharger la présentation

History of chemistry in Latvia and Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. History of chemistry in Latvia and Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis Professor Jānis Stradiņš Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis Latvian Academy of Sciences

  2. David Hieronimus Grindel

  3. David Hieronimus GRINDEL(1776-1836) Latvian pharmaceutist, chemist, medical doctor, naturalist Professor and rector of Tartu (Dorpat) University (1804-1814) Pharmaceutist and physician in Riga (1798-1804, 1814-1836) Founder of the first pharmaceutical and chemical journal in Russian Empire: Russisches Jahrbuch für die Chemie und Pharmacie (1803-1810) Founder of the first Pharmaceutical – Chemical Society in Russian Empire (Riga, 1803) Antifever medications (“china-surrogat”) Textbook: “Die organischen Körper chemisch betrachtet” (Riga, 1811)

  4. Pharmaceutic chemical company in Riga Founded in 1991 on the basis of Experimental Plant of Institute of Organic Synthesis (since 1941-1946) Name from GRINDel and EXperimental

  5. Theodor von GROTTHUSS(1785-1822) Courland nobleman and amateur chemist and physicist First theory of electrolysis (Rome, 1805; Mitau (Jelgava), 1806) Basic laws of photochemistry (Mitau, 1818) Worked in his estate Gedučiai (Northern Lithuania) and in Mitau

  6. Theodor von GROTTHUSS

  7. Wilhelm OSTWALD(1853-1932) Born in Riga Professor in Riga Polytechnicum (1881-1887), later in Leipzig Founder of physical chemistry (1887) main laws of homogenous catalysis (1884) One of originators of free ion theory (together with Sv.ARRHENIUS, Riga, 1885-1887) Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1909)

  8. Monument devoted to Nobel laureate Wilhelm Ostwald

  9. Stereochemistry group of Riga

  10. Paul WALDEN(1863-1957) • Chemist of Latvian origin, student of W.Ostwald • Work: • Riga Polytechnicum (1887-1919) • Walden inversion (1895) • Founder of dynamic stereochemistry, electrochemistry of nonaqueous solutions (1899-1915) • Concept of “ion solvatation” (1905) • Ionic liquids • 7 times advanced for Nobel prize (1913-1934, 1914)

  11. Paul WALDEN Award for Scientific Citation of Chemical Breakthrough – ACS, 2010 2013 – UNESCO proclaimed year of Paul Walden (150th anniversary, 26th July, 2013) P. Walden medal (since 1987) P. Walden monument (2003) P. Walden streets in Riga and Valmiera (2013)

  12. Envelope and stamp devoted to Paul Walden

  13. Monument devoted to Paul Walden

  14. Cradle of chemistry education in Latvia and IOS

  15. Gustavs Vanags

  16. Gustavs Vanags(1891-1965) Latvian organic chemist Professor at University of Latvia (1934-1965) One of the founders of Institute of Organic Synthesis Cyclic β-diketones, analytical reagents, blood anticoagulants etc. Latvian school of organic chemistry (G.Duburs) G.Vanags award in chemistry (LAS, since 1970)

  17. Solomon HILLERS(1915-1975) Latvian organic and medicinal chemist Founder of the Institute of Organic Synthesis (1957), its first director (1957-1975) Heterocyclic chemistry (furanes, aziridines, pyrimidines, purines etc.) Outstanding organizer and manager of science Originator of new medicinals Organizer of the international journal “Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds” (English, Russian, since 1965), its first Editor-in-chief (1965-1975) Solomon Hillers medal (since 1990, IOS) S.Hillers award in Biomedicine (since 2004, LAS, IOS, Grindex, BSRC)

  18. Solomon Hillers

  19. Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis

  20. Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis (I) • Founded 1957; till 1993 part of Latvian Academy of Sciences • Directors: S.Hillers, G.Čipēns, E.Lukevics, I.Kalviņš (since 2003) • Staff: 579 people 1991, 310 in 1997, 300 in 2012 • A complex institute: chemists, microbiologists, experts in biomedicine, engineers, computer scientists, molecular biologists, gene engineers (till 1991)

  21. Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis (II) Investigation of new medicinals (generic preparations and original pharmaceutics) 65 medical preparations, pesticides, herbicides in the former USSR 37 preparations allowed for use in medicine, among them 16 original pharmaceutics 25% of all original preparations invented in the former USSR (1985) Cooperation with companies Grindex, Olainfarm, Biolar in Riga and Olaine (iniciated by S.Hiller in 1960-ies)

  22. Early pharmaceuticals produced by IOS Nitrofuran preparations (Furagine, Furasol (Solafur), Furamag. S.Hillers, since 1957 – antibacterials, uroseptics) Dihydropyridines (cardiovascular diseases, G.Duburs) Remantadine – antiviral adamantane preparation (J.Polis, 1972) Tegafur (Ftorafur) – anticancer preparation (S.Hillers, R.Zhuk, M.Lidaka, since 1972; exported to Japan) Mildronate – cardioprotector and immunoprotector (I.Kalviņš, since 1975) Peptide preparations (G.Čipēns e.a.)

  23. Nitrofuran preparations Furazolidone Furazoline Furagine (Furasol, Furamag) Furadonine

  24. Ftorafur Remantadine

  25. Carnitine and mildronate Carnitine ɣ-butyrobetaine Acetylcarnitine Mildronate Carnitine discovered by Roberts Krimbergs and Vladimir Gulevich from muscle exctracts in 1905 (Moscow) Acetylcarnitine discovered by R.Krimbergs in 1932 (Riga) Mildronate synthesized in 1975 (Ivars Kalviņš, Riga)

More Related