Species of Pennsylvania

1. Species of Pennsylvania Emily Ekas Period 3

2. Endangered Species Species that are close to extinction. Reasons species become extinct: • Pollution • Deforestation • Disease • Commercial Abuse • Hunting

3. How can we help prevent endangerment? • Minimize your use of pesticides • Protect wildlife habitat • Create more nature reserves • Learn more about the species

4. Black Tern Scientific Name: Childonias niger Reason for endangerment: Natural Disasters

5. Northern Flying Squirrel Scientific Name: Glaucomys sabrinus macrotis Reason for endangerment: Habitat Loss

6. Indiana Bat Scientific Name: Myotissodalis Reason for endangerment: Human entry into hibernation sites.

7. Tall Larkspur Scientific Name: Delphinium exaltatum Reason for endangerment: Spraying of herbicides alongside roads, where the flower grows, and the expansion of highways.

8. Swamp Pink Scientific Name: Arethusa bulbosa Reason for endangerment: Flooding, Predators (white tailed deer), and loss of habitat.

9. Invasive Species

10. Invasive Species Native Species • Species that have evolved in the same area over a long period of time. Introduced Plants • A species that humans have placed in an ecosystem (either intentionally or accidentally) it rarely occurs naturally. Invasive Species • A species whose introduction is likely to cause environmental or human harm because they have no natural enemy.

11. How do invasive species get into our country? • Personal Travel • Shipments of plants and other materials • Deliberately imported • Some are for aquarium use but find their way into natural landscapes How they affect our environments • Disease • Increased competition • Habitat Destruction

12. Hemlock woolly adelgid • Adelgestsugae • Originated from Japan and China • Accidentally introduced in 1924 • This insect destroys eastern hemlock species-which are homes to over 90 species of birds and mammals

13. European corn borer • Ostrinianubilalis • Originated from Canada • Introduced in 1900s from a shipment of corn brooms • This Insect feeds on 250 kinds of plants-losses are very high on sweet pea, peppers, and snap peas

14. Giant African Snail • Lissachatinafulica • Originated from Africa • Introduced in 1966 by accidentally arriving on a Cargo ship • This snail is one of the most damaging snails in the world-it eats over 500 species of plants • These snails were used for pets in Africa.

15. Dutch elm disease • Ophiostomaulmi • Originated from Asia • First Detected in Cleveland, Ohio in 1930’s • This Fungus killed over 100 million trees in all states east of the Rocky Mountains

16. Chestnut blight • Cryphonectriaparasitica • Originated from China • First Detected in N.Y in 1890’s • This Fungus devastated chestnut trees from Maine to Alabama

17. Reintroduced/Extirpated Species

18. Reintroduced/Extirpated Species Reintroduced- The release of an endangered species into the wild. Extirpated Species- A species that does not exist in the wild in a certain area, but can be found in other areas.

19. The Fisher The fisher was trapped to extirpation in Pennsylvania. It was reintroduced in 1994 and has been thriving here ever since.

20. Sources Cited • www.stopextinction.org • www.portal.state.pa.us • www.cnps.org/cnps/nativeplants/ • www.defenders.org/resources/publications/invasives/pennsylvania.pdf • www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/ja/ja_schlarbaum002.htm • www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/microbes/dutchelm.shtml