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Chapter 3

Tracking the AIDS Epidemic in the United States: Diffusion through Space and Time. Chapter 3. Relocation Diffusion. The spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another. Relocation Diffusion. The Spread of Cricket. Figure 3.1 (p. 63). Expansion Diffusion. vs.

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Chapter 3

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  1. Tracking the AIDS Epidemic in the United States: Diffusion through Space and Time Chapter 3

  2. Relocation Diffusion The spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another.

  3. Relocation Diffusion

  4. The Spread of Cricket Figure 3.1 (p. 63)

  5. Expansion Diffusion

  6. vs. Relocation Diffusion Expansion Diffusion The key distinction between relocation and expansion diffusion is whether the number of adopters is expanding.

  7. Figure 3.2 (p. 64) Laggards Percentage of Population That Adopts the Idea or Innovation Majority Adopters Innovators Time S-Curve

  8. U.S. Cell Phone Subscribers Figure 3.3 (p. 64)

  9. Hydrogen Fuel Stations Worldwide Figure 3.4 (p. 65)

  10. Contagious Effects Figure 3.5a (p.66)

  11. The Spread of Islam Figure 3.6 (p. 67)

  12. Hierarchical Effects Figure 3.5b (p. 66)

  13. Hierarchical Effects Figure 3.5b (p. 66)

  14. Hierarchical Effects Figure 3.5b (p. 66)

  15. Major U.S. Cities Larger cities are generally the first to experience phenomena which spreads by hierarchical diffusion. Online Activity

  16. Contagious Effects Relocation Diffusion Hierarchical Effects Contagious Effects Expansion Diffusion Hierarchical Effects

  17. A biased innovation or a barrier to diffusion? • ownership of BMW vehicles • a joke in Quebec which doesn't translate into English • the spread of certain ring tones • the popularity of a new movie • the popularity of a new movie in Spanish • a software program subject to export restrictions • a disease found only among the mammals on a large island

  18. Other Examples of Diffusion clothing fads video games radio broadcasting punk rock computers chemical fertilizers for farming anti-HIV drug cocktail

  19. Name That Key Term

  20. The spread of some phenomenon over space and through time from a limited number of origins. Spatial Diffusion Innovations (or diseases) that are less (or more) accessible to people of a certain gender, class, age, or ethnicity. This diffusion theory emphasizes social context in addition to spatial context. Biased Innovation Physical, political, cultural, or economic impediments to diffusion. Barriers to Diffusion A process in which items being diffused leave the originating areas as they move to new areas (i.e. the items diffuse with people migrating). Relocation Diffusion

  21. A process in which the items being diffused remain and often intensify in the origin area as new areas are being affected (i.e. the items diffuse from person to person). Expansion Diffusion A system of cities consisting of various levels, with few cities at the top level and increasingly more settlements on each lower level. The position of a city within the hierarchy is determined by the types of central place functions it provides. Urban Hierarchy

  22. Diffusion of a disease, cultural trait, idea, or innovation from larger to smaller places, leaping over nearby but small places in the early stages. This diffusion emphasizes the size distribution of urban places (i.e. the urban hierarchy) in explaining the spread of things over time and space. Hierarchical Effects Diffusion of a disease, cultural trait, idea, or innovation that spreads outward from a node or epicenter in wave-like fashion. This diffusion emphasizes the frictional force of distance in explaining the spread of things in time and space. Contagious Effects

  23. Tracking the AIDS Epidemic in the United States: Diffusion through Space and Time Case Study Chapter 3

  24. After completing this chapter, you will be able to: • Define and give examples of hierarchical diffusion. • Define and give examples of contagious diffusion. • Interpret a scatter diagram. • Interpret animated maps that change over time. • Calculate cumulative totals and make a cumulative graph. • Describe the diffusion of AIDS in the United States.

  25. Background on AIDS • What is AIDS? • AIDS in Africa • Global pathways and global hotspots • Current situation in the United States

  26. Population Pyramid for Botswana Figure 3.8 (p. 71)

  27. Probable Early Diffusion of AIDS Figure 3.10 (p. 72)

  28. World HIV/AIDS Rate for Adults Figure 3.11 (p. 73)

  29. Activity 1: Mapping the Diffusion of AIDS Online Activity

  30. Activity 2: Distance from Initial Centers Typical Downward-Sloping Scatterplot Figure 3.13 (p. 80)

  31. Online Activity

  32. Activity 3: S-Curves Online Activity

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