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Innovative and Sustainable Clusters in Minas Gerais: Historical Overview and Characteristics

This article explores the evolution of various clusters in Minas Gerais, Brazil, highlighting historical milestones from the 1960s onwards. It details the formation of significant clusters, including the furniture industry in Ubá, fashion design in Belo Horizonte, electronics in Santa Rita do Sapucaí, foundries in Divinópolis, and fruit production in Jaíba. With a focus on their characteristics and competitive advantages, the analysis reveals the role of micro and small enterprises, the impact of education and government support, and the strategic location of these industries within the region.

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Innovative and Sustainable Clusters in Minas Gerais: Historical Overview and Characteristics

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  1. Minas Gerais Clusters Abril - 2012

  2. APL de Moveis de UbáDesign Inovador e Sustentável para Todos

  3. Historical • The 60's: Installationoftwoenterprises, Parma and Itatiaia, begginingofthecluster; • The 70’s: Parma Group was closed, 1200 people went unemployed, and then hundreds of small companies were opened; • The 90's: Foundation of INTERSIND and consolidation of the cluster.

  4. Characteristicsofthe cluster • Zona da Mata Region: 178 mi fromBH and RJ; • 348formal establishments; • 92% are micro and small enterprises (less than US$ 1,7mi annual revenue); • 11.331 formal jobs; • INTERSIND has 120 members • Important players: FIEMG, SENAI, SEBRAE, UFJF, UFV e UEMG • The competitive advantage of the cluster are affordable price, quality and design.

  5. APL Calçados e Bolsas da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte Abril - 12

  6. Historical • The 60's: The creation of the Art and Craft Fair stimulated the development of the sector; • The 70’s: Consolidation of the region of Belo Horizonte as fashion design hub; • The 80's: Some companies in the cluster changed their production: focus on more sophisticated products.

  7. Characteristicsofthe Cluster • MetropolitanAreaof Belo Horizonte; • 257 formal establishments; • 2.427 directjobs; • 98% are micro and small enterprises (less than US$ 1,7mi annual revenue); • 50% are familiar business and12,7% are individual entrepreneurs; • Important players: FIEMG, SENAI, SEBRAE, UEMG, UFMG e Fumec • The competitive advantage of the Cluster is the history of design and innovation.

  8. APL de Eletroeletrônico Santa Rita do Sapucaí, Itajubá e Pouso Alegre“Desenvolvedor de soluções inovadoras e integradas.”

  9. Historical Santa Rita do Sapucaí Main City 120 years 40 kinhabitants The "Dona Sinha" ofElectronic Valley In 1959 - The Technical School of Electronics was founded.

  10. Characteristicsofthe Cluster • 142industries with a focus on electronics • 9.600jobs in the sector • 13.700products in thesegment • R$ 1,7 billion in 2011 (annual revenue); • CompetitiveAdvantages: • Skilled labor througheducationalinstitutions • Laboratoryof research anddevelopment • Government Incentives

  11. APL de Fundições de Divinópolis, Itaúna e Cláudio“Produtividade sustentável com produtos de valor agregado.”

  12. Historical • The 20’s: Beginningofthe Cluster, the first company was founded; • The 40’s: After 22 years, the first steel mill was founded, the Cia MineiraSiderúrgica; • The 70’s: The industrial districtwasfounded in Divinópolis.

  13. Characteristicsofthe Cluster • Mid-West of Minas Gerais: 123 mi fromBH e 318 mi from SP; • 95% are micro and small enterprises (less than US$ 1,7 mi annual revenue); • SIFUMG has 134 members; • 4.500 formal jobs; • 160 k tons of meltproducts per year • Important players: FIEMG, SENAI, SEBRAE, ASIMEC, MDIC. • CompetitiveAdvantage: • Proximity to the industry source its main raw material, ferrogusa(pig iron), and the density of labor in the region.

  14. APL de Fruticultura da Região do Jaíba

  15. Historical • The fruit sector in Northern of the state of Minas Gerais started in the 60's, bananas and grapes were the first experiences; • The modernizing character of the Jaiba Irrigation Project (70’s), provided great conditions and opportunities to the region to develop the fruit sector; • Others public investments in irrigation schemes also contributed to the sector growth(GorutubaandLagoa Grande); • Since 2002 the fruit sector in Northern of the state of Minas Gerais has been strongly supported by many Institutions.

  16. Characteristicsofthe Cluster • Irrigatedarea: • Potential: 70 thousandhectares • Current: 27 thousandhectares, mainculturea banana, with 12 thousandhectares • Total production: • In 2011: US$ 360k/ton • Distance to major markets*: • Brasília • Belo Horizonte • Rio de Janeiro • São Paulo • Distancefromports *: • Porto de Vitória • Porto de Ilhéus • Porto de Salvador Area (thousand/há) 2010 MainCultures 12.500 Há 5.000 Há 2.400 Há 299 Há 399 Há 800 Há 191 Há 181 Há 977 Há 27 thousand/há Banana Manga Limão Maracujá Uva Mamão Abacaxi Goiaba Melancia Total San Francisco River - 433 mi - 396 mi - 657 mi - 743 mi - 709 mi - 546 mi - 607 mi North of Minas Gerais

  17. Characteristicsofthe cluster • Location: Nothernregionofthestateof Minas Gerais • Cities: Jaíba, Janaúba, Matias Cardoso, Verdelândia, Nova Porteirinha, Montes Claros e Pirapora • Main City: Jaíba • Numberofproducers: 3.500 (2011) • Sizeofproducers: 30% small (up to 10 hectares), 50% average (11-50 hectares) and20% big (above 50 hectares) • Jobs: about 20.000 directjobsand 40.000indirect (2010) • DestinationofProduction: Brasília, Minas Gerais, São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro

  18. APL de Biotecnologia da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte

  19. Historical • The 70's: Beginning of the Biotechnology Cluster in the Metro area of Belo Horizonte, along with biotechnology research in Brazil; • The 90's: changing in the mindset of the companies and government - from protectionism to competitiveness due to the liberalization of the Brazilian economy; • 2000’s: challenges and opportunities for the Cluster. Biotechnology sector is a priority.

  20. Characteristicsofthe cluster • Metro areaof Belo Horizonte; • 5 kdirectandindirectjobs; • 25%firmshavelessthan 4 years; • 75% ofthesecompanies are small; • 2/3 ofthefirms interact closely with universities; • Important players: FIEMG, SEBRAE, SECTES, SEDE, AMBIOTEC, BIOMINAS, SINDUSFARQ, UFMG, MDIC. • The competitive advantage of the cluster is the quality of educational and research institutions which develop knowledge and technologies.

  21. APL Calçados de Nova Serrana

  22. Characteristicsofthe cluster • Location: Mid-westofthestateof Minas Gerais, 71 mi from Belo Horizonte • Area: 282 Km2 • Population: 67.967 inhabitants • Formal jobs: 20.160, : • 65% in thefootwearindustry • APL’scompanies: 687: • 61% unionized • Gross DomesticProduct: 441 Millions: • Services: 66% • Industry: 32% • Agricultural: 2% • Secondary Cities in APL: • Araújos • Bom Despacho • Perdigão Nova Serrana “National Capital SportsFootwear” Source: PMC

  23. FIM

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