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Understanding Web-Based Applications: Architecture, IIS, and Dynamic vs Static Sites

This article offers a comprehensive overview of web-based applications, highlighting their multi-tier architecture, which includes critical components, such as the web server. It discusses the role of Internet Information Services (IIS) in managing these applications, the differences between static and dynamic websites, and the advantages of using web-based technologies. With insights into how web servers process requests and deliver outputs to clients across various platforms, this resource is essential for anyone looking to grasp the fundamental concepts of web application development.

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Understanding Web-Based Applications: Architecture, IIS, and Dynamic vs Static Sites

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  1. 11. Web-based Applications

  2. Objectives “Real-world applications are typically multi-tier, distributed designs involving many components — the web server being perhaps the most important component in today's applications...” • Web-based applications • IIS • Static vs. dynamic web apps

  3. Part 1 • Web-based applications…

  4. Web application • Web server is just another tier • Application now accessible over the internet • from any client platform! Web Server (IIS) obj obj Web Page Browser obj ANY platform Windows Server HTML / HTTP Data Business Data Access Presentation

  5. Why? • Web-based apps offer many advantages: • extend reach of application to people AND platform • based on open, non-proprietary technologies

  6. obj Types of web apps • Two types: • WebForms: GUI-based app displayed in browser via HTML • WebServices: object-based app returning raw XML browser HTML Web server Web Page obj obj custom FE SOAP,XML obj other App

  7. Example: workshop web site

  8. (1) http://server/page.asp (2) HTML <title>RWWP.NET, July 2002</title> <html> <h3>RWWP.NET, July 2002</h3> <HR> <ol> <li> Lowell Carmony <li> Don Schwing <li> Kamal Dahbur . . . </ol> <HR> </html> Behind the scenes… Web server Browser Web Page

  9. The key to web-based programming… • It's a client-server relationship • client makes request • server does some processing… • client sees OUTPUT of server-side processing

  10. Part 2 • IIS…

  11. Internet Information Services (IIS) • IIS is Microsoft's Web Server • runs as a separate process "inetinfo.exe" • requires a server-like OS: Windows NT, 2000, XP Pro, 2003 • multi-threaded to service thousands of requests… client IIS client client Windows Server . . .

  12. Configuring IIS • Configured manually via: • control panel, admin tools, Internet Information Services

  13. A web site • IIS deals with web sites • A web site = a web application • How IIS works: • each web site has its own physical directory on hard disk • each web site is assigned a virtual name for that directory • users surf to web site based on virtual name • Example: • web site lives in C:\Inetpub\wwwroot\WebSite • web site's virtual name is "AAAPainting" • IIS maps virtual to physical…

  14. Creating a virtual directory • When in doubt, right-click :-) • right-click on "Default Web Site", New, Virtual Directory…

  15. Part 3 • Static vs. dynamic web sites…

  16. Types of web sites • From IIS's perspective, 2 types: • static • dynamic

  17. Static web sites • A static web site has the following characteristics: • all web pages are pre-created and sitting on hard disk • web server returns pages without any processing <title>Welcome to AAA Painting</title> <html> <h3>Welcome to AAA Painting</h3> <HR> <ol> <li> <A HREF="history.htm">History of our company</A> <li> <A HREF="prices.htm">Pricing</A> <li> <A HREF="contact-info.htm">How to contact us</A> </ol> <HR> </html>

  18. HTML • Static web sites are typically pure HTML • pages may also contain script code that runs on client-side <title>Welcome to AAA Painting</title> <html> <h3>Welcome to AAA Painting</h3> <HR> <ol> <li> <A HREF="history.htm">History of our company</A> <li> <A HREF="prices.htm">Pricing</A> <li> <A HREF="contact-info.htm">How to contact us</A> </ol> <HR> </html>

  19. Dynamic web sites • A dynamic web site involves server-side processing • How does IIS tell the difference? • based on file extension of requested web page… • Example: • static request: http://localhost/AAAPainting/default.htm • dynamic request: http://localhost/Workshop/default.asp

  20. ASP • Active Server Pages • Microsoft's server-side programming technology • ASP based on scripting languages, interpreted • ASP.NET based on .NET languages, compiled, faster, … IIS http://host/page.asp ASP engine client HTML

  21. Example • We want to dynamically create web page of attendee's • i.e. generate the page by reading names from a database IIS ASP Page

  22. ASP page — part 1, presentation default.asp • ASP page = HTML + code… <title>RWWP.NET, July 2002</title> <html> <h3>RWWP.NET, July 2002</h3> <HR> List of attendees: <ol> <% Call OutputAttendees( ) %> </ol> <HR> </html> <SCRIPT LANGUAGE="VBScript" RunAt="Server"> Sub OutputAttendees() . . . inlinecodeblock

  23. ASP page — part 2, logic Sub OutputAttendees() Dim dbConn, rs, sql, firstName, lastName sql = "Select * From Attendees" Set dbConn = CreateObject("ADODB.Connection") Set rs = CreateObject("ADODB.RecordSet") dbConn.Open("Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;" + _ "Data Source=C:\Inetpub\wwwroot\Workshop\Attendees.mdb") rs.ActiveConnection = dbConn : rs.Source = sql : rs.Open Do While Not rs.EOF firstName = rs("FirstName") lastName = rs("LastName") Response.Write("<li> " + firstName + " " + lastName) rs.MoveNext() Loop rs.Close : dbConn.Close End Sub </SCRIPT>

  24. Summary • Web-based applications are commonplace • Web-based applications are often mission-critical • Two types: • WebForms: form-based • Web Services: object-based

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