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Things that make us smart

Things that make us smart. A discussion about the ideas of Don Norman Larry G. Richards January 29, 2004. Who is Don Norman?. See www.jnd.org Originally an electrical engineer Then a psychologist Now a cognitive scientist concerned with Human factors / ergonomics Usability

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Things that make us smart

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  1. Things that make us smart A discussion about the ideas of Don Norman Larry G. Richards January 29, 2004

  2. Who is Don Norman? • See www.jnd.org • Originally an electrical engineer • Then a psychologist • Now a cognitive scientist concerned with • Human factors / ergonomics • Usability • Human centered design

  3. What is the central message of this book? • We have a “machine-centered orientation to life” • “We need to reverse the machine centered point of view and turn it into a person-centered point of view: Technology should serve us.”

  4. Machine-centered versus • Human-centered Views of technology

  5. Motto of the 1933 Chicago World’s Fair • Science finds • Industry applies • Man conforms

  6. A person-centered motto for the twenty-first century • People propose • Science studies • Technology conforms

  7. Technology can make us smart • How? • Give some examples.

  8. Technology can make us smart • How? • By expanding our capabilities • Some examples: • Writing, reading, art, music • Logic, textbooks, encyclopedias • Science and engineering

  9. Technology can make us stupid • Examples?

  10. What is an Artifact?

  11. Cognitive artifacts • “Tools that aid the mind” • Physical artifacts • Paper, pencils, calculators, computers • Mental artifacts • Reading, arithmetic, logic, and language • Rules and structures • Procedures and routines

  12. “...much of our human intelligence results from our ability to construct artifacts.” • “capable brains, ….limited in power”

  13. Limitations of people?

  14. Advantages of machines

  15. “…new tools have moved us in unexpected ways to accept experience as a substitute for thought.” • page 15

  16. Two kinds of cognition • Experiential • Reflective

  17. Experiential cognition • “…we perceive and react to events around us, efficiently and effortlessly.” • The mode of expert behavior

  18. Experiential cognition • The patterns of information are perceived and assimilated and the appropriate responses generated without apparent effort or delay. • Experiential thought is the essence of skilled behavior. It appears to flow naturally but years of experience or training may be required to make it possible.

  19. Reflective cognition • Comparison and contrast • Thought • Decision making • “Reflection is greatly aided by systematic procedures and methods, and these are learned primarily by being taught.”

  20. Reflective cognition • The reflective mode is that of concepts, of planning and reconsideration.

  21. Three kinds of learning • Accretion • Tuning • Restructuring

  22. Reflection is necessary for restructuring.

  23. Optimal flow

  24. Informal learning versus school learning • Characterize each

  25. Multimedia • What is it? • Symbols (words, numbers) • Graphics (pictures, illustrations) • Sound (voice, music) • Animation (dynamic display, changing) • What can we do with multimedia that has educational value?

  26. Attention

  27. Motivation

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