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About People

About People. Henry Moore. Enduring Understanding. Students will understand that artworks do encapsulate the themes of identity and relationships in a variety of ways. Essential Questions. Overarching Questions What is an identity?

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About People

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  1. About People Henry Moore

  2. Enduring Understanding Students will understand that artworks do encapsulate the themes of identity and relationships in a variety of ways

  3. Essential Questions Overarching Questions • What is an identity? • How can relationships within a family or society be shaped? • How artists form identity or relationships with their art? Topical Questions • How does abstraction enhance the theme of identity and relationships?

  4. Essential Questions Overarching Questions What is an identity ? How do artists form identity or relationships with their art? Topical Questions How can art be an extension of nature?

  5. 5W1H

  6. Who • Moore was born on the 30 July 1898 in Castleford, Yorkshire. • He started learning pottery with Alice Gostick, his art teacher on 1911. • He became a student teacher on 1915. • He taught in Castleford from 1916. • Moore was recruited in 1917 by the army. • He returned to Castleford in 1919 and continued his pottery lessons with Gostick. In the same year, he enrolled into Leeds School of Art.

  7. Who • Moore met his lifetime friend Barbara Hepworth in 1921 at Leeds. He also won a scholarship to Royal College of Arts (RCA) in London. • He visited Paris in 1922 to see the work of Cézanne. • He started teaching at RCA in 1924. • He quitted RCA in 1931due to an article which caused a public scandal. Soon after, he was employed by Chelsea College of Art to set up the sculpture department. • His only child Mary Moore was born in 1946. • In 1965, he bought a house near the Carrara marble quarries of Italy. • He died at the age of 88 in the year 1986.

  8. When (1898- 1986) < 1898: The opening of British Museum in 1759. 1914: World War I. 1903-75: Barbara Hepworth. Moore and Hepworth share many similarities in their sculptures. 1920s: The emergence of Surrealism. 1939: World War 1I. 1940: The London Blitz. German air force bombed London for 12 hours on 7 Sept. Such intense air-raid continued for several months.

  9. Where England • The Russian artists, Naum Gabo (1890 – 1977) and Antoine Pevsner (1886 – 1962) issued a “constructivist manifesto” that calls for distancing from traditional sculpture methods such as stone carving and exploring space with new forms and materials. They were living at England. • The 1930s was fraught with economic depression and political tension.

  10. Which Modern Sculpture • Abstraction

  11. What Subject Matter- Figurative • Sculptures of the human body, head and shoulders are common in the European artistic tradition and non-European art. • His individual figures- the female forms include reclining females and seated women. • They are either nude or draped. He saw a connection between the draperies to landscape, comparing them to the folds of the hills and the valleys or “the crinkled skin of the earth”. • His figures in groups are mother and child together or family groups with the presence of the father.

  12. What Theme • Nature Inspired Figures- “convey the human figure as a form of landscape” (Fath, 1996). • Landscape as a creative source (be it within the sculpture itself or the site). • The human landscape- linking landscape with the human body. • Thus, it is a metaphor for landscape. An idea that was very new at that time. • Some of his post-war (WWII) works resemble “helmeted heads” (Wallis, 2002).

  13. What Theme • The massive carnage of WWII has made him respond to the conflict with helmet heads that are both “menacing and protective” (Wallis, 2002). • Internal/External Forms, composed of two shapes, one enclosing the other. They look like giant versions of his helmet heads. • These figures resembled the hollow trees bordering Moore’s estate at Hertfordshire.

  14. Elements of Cubism Mother and Child, 1922 Green gneiss stone, ? x ? x 28 cm Head and Shoulders , 1927

  15. Influenced from Primitive Art Mask, 1928 Green gneiss stone, 21.2 x 19 x 8.7 cm Tate Gallery, UK Mask, 1929 Cast concrete, 20 x 18 x 13 cm Tate Gallery, UK

  16. Constructivist Approach Bird Basket, 1939 Lignum vitae and string, 42 cm long

  17. Reclining Figures Reclining Woman, 1927 Cast concrete, x x cm The Moore Danowski Trust

  18. Reclining Figures This is his first commissioned work West Wind, 1928-9 Portland stone, 244 cm long London Transport HQ, St James Park Underground Station

  19. Reclining Figures Reclining Figure, 1929 Brown Horton stone, 85 cm long

  20. Reclining Figures This is one of Moore’s first figure that undulates like a landscape. Recumbent Figure, 1938 Green Horton stone, 88.9 x 132.7 x 73.7 cm Tate Gallery, UK

  21. Reclining Figures Reclining Figure, 1951 Plaster and string, 105.4 x 227.3 x 89.2 cm Tate Gallery, UK

  22. Reclining Figures This is one of Moore’s first figure that undulates like a landscape. Draped Reclining Figure, 1957-8 Bronze, 134.6 x 208.3 x 91.4 cm The Henry Moore Foundation

  23. Reclining Figures Reclining Figure: Festival, 1951 Stoneware 45 x 22 x 15 cm

  24. Seated Figures Seated Woman: Thin Neck, 1961 Bronze 170.2 x 81.3 x 103.5 cm Tate Gallery, UK

  25. Mother and Child Mother and Child , 1953 Bronze, 53 x 27 x 34.5cm Tate Gallery, UK

  26. Mother and Child , 1967 Marble, 130.8 cm long Henry Moore Foundation

  27. Family Groups Family Group, 1944 Terracotta, 15 x 12.6 x 7.6 cm Tate London, UK

  28. Family Groups Family Group, 1949 Bronze, 154 x 118 x 70 cm Tate London, UK

  29. Relationship Front View Back View Over Mother’s Head, 1990 Bronze, 103 x 40 x 38 cm Over Mother’s Head, 1990 Bronze, 103 x 40 x 38 cm

  30. This sculpture is inspired by the skull of an elephant which Moore collected. Atom Piece, 1965 Bronze, ? x ? x 122 cm high Didrichsen Art Museum, Helsinki, Finland

  31. His Works @ the Countryside King and Queen, 1952-3 Bronze, 164 x 138 x 84.5 cm Keswick Estate, Glenkiln, Dumfresshire, Scotland

  32. His Massive Monuments Moore chose the countryside as the location for his sculptures because he wanted to use the open sky as dramatic backgrounds. Sheep Piece, 1971-2 Bronze, 550 cm high The Henry Moore Foundation

  33. Surrealistic Hint Two Seated Women, 1934 Charcoal, watercolour, pen and ink, crayon on cream medium-weight wove paper, 37 x 55 cm The Henry Moore Foundation, Perry Green

  34. Time-Life Screen, 1952-3 Portland stone, ? x 808 cm long Pearl Assurance, Time-Life Building, London

  35. War Related Drawings This drawing is a response to the news on the declaration of WWII. Moore and his wife was on a swimming trip to Dover. It shows 8 women in the sea surrounded by Dover’s steep Shakespeare cliff. It points to the beginning of a conflict and a fear of a repeat of the European bloodbath. September 3rd, 1939 Pencil, wax crayon, coloured crayons and Indian ink, 30.6 x 39.8 cm The Henry Moore Foundation

  36. War Related Drawings Tube Shelter Perspective, 1941 Pencil, ink, wax and watercolour, on paper, 75 x 69.5 cm Tate Gallery, UK

  37. War Related Drawings Pink and Green Sleepers, 1941 Oil on canvas, 198 x 147.5 cm Moore encountered men, women and children using the platforms of the Underground stations as makeshift shelters from the bombing. The result-these images known as the shelter drawings

  38. War Related Drawings Shelter Scene: Bunks and Sleepers, 1941 Watercolour, gouache on paper, 75 x 69 cm Tate Gallery, UK

  39. War Related Drawings Shelterers in the Tube, 1941 Pencil, pen and ink, watercolour and crayon on paper, 65 x 81.7 cm Tate Gallery, UK

  40. Fun Fact! Moore revisited the London Underground as an actor in a documentary entitled Out of Chaos on war artists.

  41. His After Study after Cézanne’s Bathers, 1980 Carbon line, wax crayon, watercolour, chalk, chinagraph on heavyweight woven paper, 25 x 13.7 cm The Henry Moore Foundation

  42. His Nudes Seated Nude with Mirror, 1924 Pencil, charcoal, watercolour wash, pen, brush and ink on paper, 63 x 48cm Tate Gallery, UK

  43. Why His Background • Moore’s mother suffered from rheumatism and would ask Moore to massage her back. This allows him (as he said) to become more sensitive to the curves of the back. • He also enjoyed miles and miles of countryside at Castleford when he was young, exploring the woodland and playing by the canal. • His interest in sculpture was ignited in Sunday school when he first chanced upon the works of Michelangelo. He was carving from bits of wood and stone. • Moore had a natural talent for art since young. He won a scholarship to secondary school. • He was conscripted to the army at 19. In his letters to his teacher Alice Gostick, he wrote of the dreadful condition- the noise, insufficient sleep. This was when he made drawings of “people picking lice from their clothes” (O’Reilly, 2003).

  44. Why His Background • Moore’s art teacher Alice Gostick was a source of inspiration to him after the war, who encouraged him to pursue art as a career. • He admitted to Leeds School of Art with a grant scouted by her. It was at Leeds when he decided to be a sculptor. • The school set up a sculpture department which was previously unavailable and Babara Hepworth (another famous sculptor) joined Moore in this department. • He won a scolarship to Royal College of Art in 1921, where he rebelled against the academy. The training in RCA was based on classical and Renaissance art whereby sculptors used pointing machine (a measuring tool to copy plaster, clay or wax sculpture models into wood or stone) to copy classical sculpture.

  45. Why His Background • The emergence of the Surrealists had influenced Moore in some minute ways. • For example, he agreed with their imagination and inventiveness but never allowing the subconscious to take over control in the creation. • He exhibited his abstract reclining figures with the Surrealists in the Surrealist Exhibition at the new Burlington Galleries in 1936. Despite their common ideas, Moore can never be identified as a Surrealist. • Another of his work that reminds one of Surrealistic tendencies is the drawing of Two Seated Women, 1934.

  46. Why His Background • At the same time, he was experimenting with abstraction. • His work became “increasingly simplified and removed from reality” (O’Reilly, 2003). He claimed that it was more true to nature. • Moore was directly affected by the Blitz. His home was bombed and he and his wife were thus forced out of London and into the open countryside. • This move was his first experience with the countryside and became a turning point for Moore. • The birth of his daughter has inspired many family groups sculptures.

  47. Why His Influence- Landscape • He was inspired by the landscape in Yorkshire. • He was exploring the countryside of Castleford as a child and acknowledged that as essential to artistic development- helping him to understand nature and nurturing his imagination. • It is a land of great contrast- the countryside versus the local mining area. • The countryside yields undulating hills and large open skies while ugly slag (stony material compose of waste matter and dross) heaps mar the landscape. • Moore would always tap on the rocky crags and mountains of coal and smooth pebbles of Castleford streets for his sculptures.

  48. Why His Influence- Primitive Art • Primitive art describes art from various different cultures outside European and Oriental art. • They often look abstract, for example, dots and slits for eyes with “chunky tubular limbs” (O’Reilly, 2003). • Moore discovered the book Vision and Design by Roger Fry. • Fry’s essays on ancient art struck a chord in Moore. He became fascinated with primitive art and was particularly drawn to Latin American sculptures. • When he was attending RCA, he spent most of his free time gallivanting the London museums with their treasures of primitive sculptures. From Egypt, Pacific Islands, Africa and Mexico.

  49. Why His Influence- Primitive Art Chacmool is a Mexican rain spirit Reclining Figure, 1929 Brown Horton stone, 85 cm long Chacmool, 12th C by Mexico Limestone, 45.7 x 95 x 12.1cm

  50. Why His Influence- Jacob Epstein (1880-1959) • He was an American-born sculptor who worked in UK. • He pioneered the modern sculpture. • He often produced controversial works that challenged the taboos concerning what public artworks should depict. • His technique- direct carving. • He was also a painter.

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