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Understanding Biological Classification: Taxonomy and its Hierarchical Structure

This overview explores the science of taxonomy, which classifies living organisms and assigns them universally accepted names. Developed by Carolus Linnaeus, the binomial nomenclature system uses a two-part naming format based on physical characteristics. Organisms are categorized into eight levels: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species, with each level encompassing fewer organisms as it narrows down. The scientific name consists of the genus (capitalized) and species (lowercase) and should be either italicized or underlined, highlighting the importance of their shared characteristics.

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Understanding Biological Classification: Taxonomy and its Hierarchical Structure

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Presentation Transcript

  1. 11/9/11 Q.O.D. • How do we organize all the living things in the world?

  2. The Decade Music Game

  3. A. Biological Classification • The science of classifying organisms and assigning them universally accepted names is known as TAXONOMY

  4. B. Carolus Linnaeus developing 2 part naming system called… • BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE • Based on PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS • Has a 2-part SCIENTIFIC NAME • Based on universally accepted language LATIN

  5. C. Eight Levels of Classification • 1. DOMAIN • 2. KINGDOM • 3. PHYLUM • 4. CLASS • 5. ORDER • 6. FAMILY • 7. GENUS • 8. SPECIES

  6. C. Eight Levels of Classification • A. The 3 Domains are: • ARCHAE • EUKARYA • BACTERIA

  7. Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family C. Eight Levels of Classification Genus B. The number of organisms in each of the 8 levels decreases as you go from the first level DOMAIN to the last level SPECIES Species

  8. D. The Scientific Name • Is represented by the GENUS and the SPECIES levels of classification

  9. E. The genus is like the organism’s • “first” name and the species is like the organism’s “last” name. • The genus name is always CAPITALIZED, while the species name is always in LOWER CASE • 1. The scientific name should ALWAYS be UNDERLINED or written in ITALICS

  10. F. The more CHARACTERISTICS two organisms have in common, the more closely related they are.

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