Empire Building in Africa

1. Empire Building in Africa Chapter 21.2

2. Turn to page 655

3. Africa • Great Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Spain, and Portugal places almost all of Africa under European rule. • By 1890s slave trade has been abolished in all major countries of the world • Other forms of trade increased • Peanuts, timber, hides, and palm • Oil, rubber

4. North Africa • Egypt was a part of the Ottoman Empire. • In 1805, Muhammad Ali seizes power of Egypt and makes it a separate state. • Ali brings reforms to Egypt to modernize it. • Army • Public school system • Created small industries • Refined sugar, textiles, munitions, ships

5. Suez Canal Great Britain believes Suez canal could be their “lifeline to India” Ferdinand de Lesseps- signs contract to build Suez canal in Egypt Completed in 1869 Egypt becomes protectorate of Great Britain in 1914.

6. France in Africa 1879: the French government sets up government in Algeria. 1881: France imposes a protectorate on Tunisia. 1912: France establishes a protectorate in in Morocco

7. Italy in Africa 1896: Italy tries to take over Ethiopia, but is unsuccessful. 1911: Italy seizes Turkish Tripoli and renames it Libya

8. David Livingstone • 1841-Scottish Doctor and missionary begins series of journeys that takes him through much of central and Southern Africa. • Worked with African people and promoted Christianity for 30 years • National hero in Great Britain • Livingstone said that Christianity and commerce would achieve civilization for Africa.

9. “Dr. Livingstone, I presume.” Livingstone is not heard of for awhile so the New York Herald sends Henry Stanley to find him. Stanley catches up to Livingstone on Lake Tanganyika. After Livingstone dies, Stanley stays in Africa continuing his work. Stanley hates Africa, whereas Livingstone loved it. Video clip of Lake Victoria

11. Central Africa Stanley explores the Congo River and encouraged the British to send settlers. Britain refuses so Stanley turns to King Leopold II of Belgium. Leopold takes advantage to colonize Central Africa. In 1876, Leopold hires Stanley to set up Belgium settlements around the Congo River.

12. East Africa Berlin Conferences of 1884 and 1885 officially recognizes Great Britain and Germany claims in East Africa. Portugal received a clear claim on Mozambique. No African delegates were present at the conference.

13. South Africa European presence grows most rapidly. 1865: total white population of the area has risen nearly 200,000 people Boers (Afrikaners) – descendants of the original Dutch settlers occupied Cape Town, South Africa and surrounding areas. During Napoleonic Wars, Britain seized power from the Dutch.

14. South Africa, cont. Boers are forced north by English invasion. The Boers felt that white superiority was ordained by God. Put the indigenous (natives) in reservations. Zulu people – natives

15. Cecil Rhodes Founded diamond and gold companies Named area Rhodesia after himself Wanted to link railroads of British empires Evidentially forced to resign as Prime Minister because of his plan to overthrow the Boer government. Boer war – 1899 – 1902: War between Boer’s and Great Britain. Great Britain eventually wins.

16. Union of South Africa 1910: combines the old Cape Colony and the Boer republics. To appease the Boers, the British agree that only whites, with a few propertied Africans, would vote.

17. Free States of Africa Only Liberia and Ethiopia remain free as of 1914. British followed indirect rule for most of their colonies. Most other countries had a direct rule over their colonies.

18. Cecil Rhodes

19. Rise of African Nationalism New class of leaders rise in 20th century Educated Many eager to introduce western ideals Others resent foreigners and their ideals Europe democratic but did not apply the ideas of democracy, equality, and political freedom in Africa During first part of 20th century, nationalists begin to organize to end foreign rule

20. According to this cartoon, which European countries were fighting for a position in Africa?

21. White Man’s Burden, Rudyard Kipling (1899) Take up the White Man's burden-- Send forth the best ye breed-- Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild-- Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child. 1. What does he mean by “the White Man’s Burden”? 2. What was the exile of which he spoke? 3. What does the word captives indicate?

22. Imperialism video clip Read Heart of Darkness reading

23. Assignment Turn to pages 662 – 665 in MWH book. Read the pages and then answer questions 1 – 3 on page 665 on paper and turn in.