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On the Eve of War

On the Eve of War. CHC2D WW 2 PART 1 CH. 9. Case Study: Germany After WW 1. The Treaty of Versailles  seen by Germans as being unfair (e.g., War Guilt Clause, $5 billion reparations) Economic Problems: Inflation – lifetime’s savings valueless in weeks. Case Study: Germany After WW 1.

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On the Eve of War

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  1. On the Eve of War CHC2DWW 2 PART 1 CH. 9

  2. Case Study: Germany After WW 1 • The Treaty of Versailles  seen by Germans as being unfair (e.g., War Guilt Clause, $5 billion reparations) • Economic Problems: Inflation – lifetime’s savings valueless in weeks

  3. Case Study: Germany After WW 1 • Depression & Unemployment – 6 million unemployed • Political Instability – Communists, Social Democrats, Nazis bitterly opposed • Communists & Nazis had street battles • No party could win a majority

  4. Hitler Comes to Power • Nazi Party beliefs • Gov’t run by army & wealthy • Industry privately owned • Powerful military • Democratic gov’t outlawed • Jews / foreigners restricted rights Nuremberg Military Rally

  5. Hitler Comes to Power • Promised to bring back Germany lost in WW 1 • Germans were a master race of people that deserved to rule the world • Jews were a “deadly poison” & “vermin” wrote Hitler in his book “Mein Kampf” • 1933 Hitler gains control of German Parliament

  6. Hitler Comes to Power • Hitler becomes a dictator outlawing all other political parties • Opposition is rounded up by Gestapo (secret police)  prison, concentration camps • Newspapers, radio, books, schools, churches  controlled by Nazis  totalitarian state Gestapo Symbols

  7. Hitler’s Anti-Semitism • Jew banned from all gov’t jobs, teaching, banking, broadcasting, newspapers, entertainment, many shops, public buildings • 1935 – Nuremberg Laws  German Jews lost citizenship & civil rights  marriages illegal between Jews & non-Jews Jews forbidden at athletic club Illegal Marriage

  8. Hitler’s Anti-Semitism • almost impossible to earn a living  Jews fled Germany (e.g., Albert Einstein) • Kristallnacht 1938 (Night of Broken Glass) – 20,000 Jews arrested & 7000 shops looted after Germany embassy official shot by a Jew

  9. Canada’s Response • 800,000 Jews tried to escape Nazi Germany between 1933 – 1939 • USA  240,000, Britain  85,000, Canada  4000 • Canada British & American farm immigrants NOT urban Jews creating more unemployment

  10. St. Louis Incident • Ocean liner St. Louis  907 Jews fleeing Nazis in June 1939 arrived near Halifax • Refused entry even though 3000 Sudeten German refugees accepted earlier in 1939 • Jews not considered good settlers SS St. Louis

  11. Why Canada Slept • Canada unprepared for war in 1939  Why? • Memories of WW 1 losses • Pacifism – opposed to war & violence • Great Depression – over a million on relief Munich AgreementSept. 1938Appeasement

  12. Why Canada Slept • Isolationism – small, insignificant “fire-proof house” far away from European problems • Political Leadership – PM King  avoid split in Cdn unity & protect Cdn independence • Appeasement – Hitler “no serious danger”

  13. Canada Declares War • Sept 3, 1939 Britain declares war on Germany after it’s invasion of Poland • Sept 10, 1939 Canada declares war  first time Canada declared war by itself • No celebrations like start of WW 1

  14. Canadian Preparations • 1939 – 10,000 soldiers, 14 tanks, 50 planes • 3 weeks  58,000 volunteers enlisted • 3 meals + $1.30 / day, clothing, shelter better than being unemployed • War Measures Act – sweeping gov’t power

  15. At War • Sept 1939 Germany quickly crushed Poland with blitzkrieg (lightning warfare) using tanks and dive bombers • May 1940 German blitzkrieg defeats Netherlands, Belgium & France in 6 weeks • Miracle of Dunkirk saved 300,000 soldiers • Canadian forces & supplies save Britain

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