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Understanding Static Friction Forces: Incline and Pulley Demonstrations

Learn how static friction keeps objects in place on an incline and explore pulley setups to measure coefficients of friction. Understand the forces required to initiate movement and how to influence static friction. Try out different scenarios to see the impact of normal force and friction coefficients.

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Understanding Static Friction Forces: Incline and Pulley Demonstrations

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  1. Static Friction

  2. Holding in Place • Objects on an incline will often stay put. • There must be a force that holds the object in place. • Static friction is from the contact of resting objects. • Force holds up to a certain point • Force is based on the type of contact (rough, smooth) • Maximum force is proportional to the pressing force of the object (normal force)

  3. Inequality • The approximate formula for static friction is: ms is the coefficient of static friction • This is an inequality. • The force of static friction is generally less than the coefficient times the normal force

  4. m q Starting Motion • If Ffr < msFN = msmg cosq, then the block will hold. • At equality the block just begins to move.

  5. Use a pulley and vary the weight to see when movement begins. Forces balance on mass 1 Tension is equal on the rope Forces balance on mass 2 m1 m2 Measuring Friction: Pulley FT Frope FT Frope

  6. The pulley determines the coefficient of friction through the ratio of masses. m1 m2 Coefficient of Friction: Pulley

  7. Use an incline and vary the angle to see when movement begins. One component of gravity balances the normal force The other component of gravity balances friction m q Measuring Friction: Incline

  8. The incline determines the coefficient of friction through the tangent of the angle. m q Coefficient of Friction: Incline

  9. Normal Force and Friction • Static friction depends on both the normal force and on the coefficient of friction. • To reduce friction requires reducing one of those factors. • Reduce normal force by lightening the load • Reduce normal force by adding additional upward force • Add a lubricant to reduce the coefficient of friction next

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