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Structuring Project Teams and Building Cohesiveness

This presentation by Gwen A. Little addresses the essential characteristics and structures of project teams. It explores how team efficiency can be affected by factors like communication barriers, staff borrowing, and leadership styles. Emphasizing the importance of team identity, it offers strategies for creating a cohesive team environment through effective meetings, colocating team members, and recognizing achievements. The session highlights various team structures, including Isoform, Specialty, Egoless, and Surgical, each with their advantages and challenges.

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Structuring Project Teams and Building Cohesiveness

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  1. Structuring Project Teams and Building Cohesiveness Presentation by Gwen A. Little CEP 812 - 2/3/99

  2. Characteristics of Project Teams • Definition: a team is a collection of individuals who work together to attain a goal. • Project team members • often borrowed - brief exposure to project effort • work on piece of project - when done move on to other projects • may not recognize they are part of a team -

  3. Characteristics cont’d. • Therefore incapable of developing team spirit - project commitment

  4. Team Efficiency vs. Inefficiency • Team Efficiency is defined as team performance that is actually achieved. • Ex: Team accomplishing a small portion of what it could - efficiency low Team achieving as much as possible efficiency is high

  5. What causes team inefficiency? • Matrix Based Frictions • projects dependent on temporarily borrowed staff • lack of staff continuity • project manager’s lack of direct control over project staff and material resources

  6. Inefficiency cont’d. • Poor communication - large amount of time spent sending and receiving messages • Information atherosclerosis - communication channels so clogged that important information has difficulty making it through • Garbled messages - messages passed along from one person to another get changed

  7. Team Structure • ISOMORPHIC TEAM STRUCTURE Iso= equal or same Morph= form or shape Two things share the same structural appearance • Advantages • organization simple - accountability clear • parallel implementation of tasks

  8. Structure Cont’d. • SPECIALTY TEAM STRUCTURE • Team members asked to apply their special expertise across a wide array of tasks • high levels of responsibility lack corresponding levels of authority • Deficiencies - figure 3.3 p. 94 • accountability diffuse • unequal distribution of work • work alone work may not be well integrated

  9. Structure Cont’d. • Advantages • high degree of self management • expertise applied where appropriate • EGOLESS TEAM STRUCTURE • should be difficult to determine who produced what portion of the product • no obvious leader • decisions achieved through consensus

  10. Structure Cont’d. • Project tasks reflect input of all team members • Encourages high levels of interactivity and communication among project members • Criticisms • doesn’t work because people have egos • those with talent want to make their contribution stand out

  11. Structure cont’d. • Lack of leadership - team starts to drift • How can this work? • Team size must be small • Must work together continuously • SURGICAL TEAM STRUCTURE • All attention focuses on a single individual and his or her abilities

  12. Structure cont’d. • Disadvantage • requires superlatively capable individual to play role of the surgeon • Surgical team approach most effective on design projects that entail large amounts of writing

  13. Creating Team Identity • Make the team tangible • effective use of meetings • team members see they are not working alone • colocation of team members • members work together in a common space • War rooms - contain the most significant project documentation • create a team name

  14. Building a Reward System • Letters of commendation • Public recognition for good work • Job assignments • Flexible work time • New equipment goes to best workers • Recommendation for cash awards and bonuses

  15. Personal Touch • Be supportive (physical, psychological) • Be clear • Learn something about team members • Celebrate special occasions • Be accessible • enlist an open door policy

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