W IND –2– H 2 O MECH 4010: Design I Group 12: Jeffrey Allen

1. WIND –2– H2O MECH 4010: Design I Group 12: Jeffrey Allen Daniel Barker Andrew Hildebrand Supervised by: Dr. Alex Kalamkarov Client: Dr. Graham Gagnon

2. Presentation Agenda Background Design Requirements & Selection Design & Analysis Budget Questions 2

3. Design Competition Project inspired by theme of 2008 Design Competition posed by WERC: A Consortium for Environmental Education and Technology Development Competition held at New Mexico State University Competition Design Challenge Design a device that uses wind power to directly power the filtration of brackish water i.e. no generation of electricity

4. Interdisciplinary Collaboration Working with a team of two Civil Engineering students: Matt Follett Dannica Switzer Responsible for water filtration system

5. Design Requirements • Must start pumping at • winds > 4 m/s • Must produce minimum water • Pressure of approximately 517 • kPa (75 psi) • Must have over speed control • to prevent catastrophic failure • Designed for constant use in • remote locations • Contain pump components • Suitable for contact with • brackish water • Scale prototype to fit within 10 x 10 ft • area (WERC Competition regulation) • Constructed from off the shelf • materials • Contain no electrical components

6. Design Selection: Wind Power Source: P.L. Frankel, 1986

7. Design Selection: Water Pump

8. Final Design: Overall

9. Windmill-Pump Matching Source: P.L. Frankel, 1986

11. Water Pump Selection Source: Liu, Park, Magita, Qui, 2008 • Selected pump to have: • Piston diameter of 1 7/8” • Pump stroke of 3” Source: www.deanbennettsupply.com

12. Final Design: Blades • Design for increased torque • Blade Twist Angle: 27° • Mount Angle: 52° • Solidity Ratio: 0.75

13. Finite Element Analysis: Blades Thrust Load and Constraints Nodal Displacements

14. Finite Element Analysis: Blades

15. Final Design: Wheel & Hub

16. Final Design: Gear Box

17. Final Design: Over-Speed Protection • Calculated critical stress in different components of the • turbine at different wind speeds • Stress in turbine components reaches critical value at 11 m/s • Cutout wind speed = 11 m/s • Furling mechanism to activate at 11 m/s

18. Final Design: Furling System • Main components and factors affecting furling system design are: • Swept Area and Weight of Turbine Blades • Tail Fin Area • Tail Weight and Length • Tail Offset Angles • Offset Distances from the Center of Rotation

19. Swept Area and Weight of Turbine Blades • The swept area of the turbine • was selected to be 4.91m2 • Weight of the turbine blades • (aluminum) and hub assembly • (steel) was calculated in • Solid Edge • Total weight of assembly • is approximately 50 kg

20. Tail Fin Area, Weight & Length • The resulting area to create this moment at 11 m/s • was found to be 0.48 m2 • The optimum tail weight and length were • calculated as: • Weight 14 kg • Length 1.8 m • Provides required • moment 246.96 N∙m

21. Tail Offset Angles • A vertical offset angle of 13.7 • degrees assists the blades back • into the wind • Horizontal offset angle of 20 • degrees is included to make the • required force on the tail fin

22. Offset from Center of Rotation • A distance of 76 mm from vertical axis • to the turbine axis was used due to the • gear ratio, crank arm length • Based on the tail weight and area, the • tail was mounted at a distance of • 1.8m from the vertical axis in • order to achieve the required total • moment arm

23. Budget • Pumping System = $593.63 • Blade/Wheel Assembly = $610.31 • Gearbox Assembly = $692.35 • Tail/Furling Assembly = $253.65 • Miscellaneous Costs = $846.35 • Total = $2996.29 • Acquired Funding = $2000.00 • Required Fundraising = $996.29

24. Acknowledgements • Special Thanks to: Dr. Joshua Leon • Dr. Graham Gagnon • Dr. Alexander Kalamkarov • Dr. Julio Militzer