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Ch 1, Sec 2: Cities and Empires & Ch 1, Sec 3: North American Peoples

Ch 1, Sec 2: Cities and Empires & Ch 1, Sec 3: North American Peoples. Mesoamerica. Mexico and Central America Groups include the Olmec, Mayans, Incas, and Aztecs. Olmec. 1500-300 BC Gulf Coast of Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras

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Ch 1, Sec 2: Cities and Empires & Ch 1, Sec 3: North American Peoples

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  1. Ch 1, Sec 2: Cities and Empires & Ch 1, Sec 3: North American Peoples

  2. Mesoamerica • Mexico and Central America • Groups include the Olmec, Mayans, Incas, and Aztecs

  3. Olmec • 1500-300 BC • Gulf Coast of Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras • Built large stone buildings and cities for thousands of people

  4. The Maya • Lived in modern day Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, and Belize • 300-1100 AD-prime years • No one knows what caused the decline of the Maya • Built large cities with the help of slave labor

  5. Mayan Cities • Tikal-largest city • Each city had at least one pyramid • Used for religious purposes • Theocratic gov’t-society ruled by religious priests • Centers for trade

  6. Maya Religion • Priests ran each city • Polytheistic (believed in many gods) • Practiced human sacrifice

  7. Maya successes • Used stars, moon, and sun to create a 365 day calendar • Created a writing system called hieroglyphics • Created a counting system for trade

  8. Aztecs • Lived in Central Mexico • In power from 1300s-1500s • Nomads looking for a home • In search of a an eagle, sitting on a cactus, with a snake it it’s mouth (Mexico City) • Built Tenochtitlan on top of a lake • Capital of the Aztecs • Center for trade for the empire

  9. Tenochtitlan

  10. Aztecs beliefs in war • Military powerhouse • Took over everything in Central Mexico • Stole from their enemies • Enemies had to pay tribute (bribes) • Forced enemies to be their slaves

  11. Aztec Religion • Polytheistic • Built pyramids for their gods • Sacrificed enemies to keep their gods happy • One story-sacrificed over 84,000 prisoners in 4 days

  12. The Incas • Lived on the Western coast of South America • Biggest group of natives from 1200s-1500s AD • Capital city-Cuzco • Went to war with their enemies to take over their land

  13. Incan Successes • Controlled every group from Columbia to Chile • Built 10,000 miles of roads to connect their empire • Extremely detailed with record keeping • Farming • Created terraces in mountain sides to farm crops

  14. Incan Gov’t and Religion • Polytheistic • Emperor-comes from the sun god • Has ultimate power • Top religious leader • Created cities made of gold and jewels to gain protection from the gods

  15. People of North America • Pre-European Exploration • Groups include: • Hohokam, Anasazi, Mound Builders, Cahokia, Inuit, Tlingit, Haida, Chinoook, Yakima, Apache, Dakota, Iroquois, Cherokee, and Mohawk

  16. Hohokam • Lived in Arizona • Rise in power from 300-1300 AD • Smart farmers in the desert • Created 100s of miles of irrigation ditches from rivers to their fields

  17. The Anasazi • Powerful group from 1-1300 AD • Lived in Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico (UT, CO, AZ, NM) • Built pueblos (villages) out of mud, clay, and stone • Traded with other groups • Built houses in the sides of mountains for protection • Downfall-drought killed off their crops

  18. Mound Builders • Groups include Adena, Hopewell, and Mississippians • Traded with other groups from all over North America • Created large mounds out of dirt in the shape of animals and other objects • Had burial chambers in them • Others were used for worship

  19. Mound Builders • Lived from the Mississippi River to the Northeast • Cahokia • Biggest group of Mississippian Indians • Lived in IL • Had the biggest city north of Mexico

  20. Inuit • Lived around the Arctic Ocean • Last group to come to North America • Built igloos • Hunters and fishermen

  21. People of the West • Lived in modern day Washington, Oregon, Colorado, and California • Fishermen and hunters • Nomadic groups-Nez Perce, Yakima, Pomo • Some created permanent houses-Tlingit, Haida, and Chinook

  22. Peoples of the Southwest • Lived in Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas • Hopi, Acoma, and Zuni tribes • Made adobe houses • Farmers • Traded with groups in both Americas • Apache and Navajo-nomadic groups that turned into farmers

  23. Peoples of the Plains • Lived in the middle of the U.S. • Nomads • Lived in tepees • Hunters and farmers • Skilled horse riders/warriors

  24. Peoples of the East • Iroquois • Warring groups came together to make the Iroquois Confederacy • Lived in the Northeast U.S. • Women and as much power as the men

  25. Peoples of the Southeast • Lived in Georgia and Alabama • Farmers in the mountains and near rivers • Groups include Chickasaw and Cherokee

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