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Naming Chemical Formulas

Naming Chemical Formulas. Sodium Hydroxide. Potassium Chloride. Hydrochloric Acid. Iron (III) Chloride. Carbon Tetrachloride. Naming Ionic Compounds METAL AND NONMETAL. Write the metal name first Write the nonmetal name last Change the ending of the word to “ide”. Lithium Oxygen Oxide.

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Naming Chemical Formulas

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  1. Naming Chemical Formulas Sodium Hydroxide Potassium Chloride Hydrochloric Acid Iron (III) Chloride Carbon Tetrachloride

  2. Naming Ionic CompoundsMETAL AND NONMETAL • Write the metal name first • Write the nonmetal name last • Change the ending of the word to “ide” • Lithium • Oxygen • Oxide Li2O Li2O = Lithium Oxide

  3. Naming Ionic CompoundsPOLYATOMICS • Write the metal name first • Write the polyatomic name • Lithium • Hydroxide LiOH LiOH = Lithium Hydroxide

  4. Writing the Formula Lithium Oxide • Write the metal first with it’s oxidation number • Li+ • Write the nonmetal second with it’s oxidation number • O-2 • Criss-Cross to get Li2O • Li+ • O-2 Li2O = Lithium Oxide

  5. Transition MetalsCopper (II) Nitride • The metal is listed first. • The oxidation number is given as a roman numeral number and converted to a number. • The nonmetal is written last with its oxidation number. • Criss-Cross to get Cu3N2 Cu (II) is a +2, Cu+2 N-3 Cu+2 N-3

  6. Naming With Transition MetalsFe2O3 • Write the metal name first. • Add the oxidation number in the form of a roman numeral number. • Write the nonmetal name last • Change the ending of the element to “ide” • Iron • Iron (III) • Iron (III) Oxide

  7. Finding the Oxidation Number of a Transition Metal • Charges must balance!!!!! This is the key! • Determine the oxidation number for the nonmetal • O has a -2 oxidation number • Determine how many oxygen there are in the formula • Fe2O3 contains 3 oxygen atoms • Multiply the number of oxygen atoms by the oxidation number • 3 x -2 = -6 Therefore we have a total of 6 negative charges • Determine the number of Irons you have • Fe2O3 contains 2 Irons • Divide the number of negative charges by the number of Irons • 6 ÷ 2 = 3 • This is the positive oxidation number of the metal • Fe has a +3 oxidation number Fe2O3

  8. Naming Molecular CompoundsNONMETAL AND NONMETAL • Prefixes are used to show the number of atoms of each element. Mono- 1 Di- 2 Tri- 3 Tetra- 4 Penta- 5 Hexa- 6 CO2 Carbon Dioxide

  9. Naming Molecular CompoundsNONMETAL AND NONMETAL • The least electronegative goes first. • The ending of the second element is changed to “-ide”. S3Br5 S3 - The three is the prefix “tri” so Trisulfur Br5 - The five is the prefix “penta-” so Trisulfurpentabromide

  10. ACID – SINGLE ELEMENT H2S • Notice that the formula begins with hydrogen, H, so this means you end the name with “acid”. • Since it is just one element other than hydrogen, you add the prefix “hydro-” • add the suffix “ic-” to the second element. Hydrosulfuric acid

  11. ACIDS – POLYATOMIC ION H2SO4 or H2SO3 • The word must end in “acid” • If the polyatomic ion’s name ends with “ite-”, then the ending changes to “ous-”. • If the polyatomic ion’s name ends with “ate-”, then the ending changes to “ic-”. Sulfite Sulfurous Sulfate Sulfuric Sulfuric Acid Sulfurous Acid

  12. OVERALL RULES First Check to see what category the first element is in: metal, transition metal, nonmetal Second Check the rules for the appropriate category Third BE CAREFUL with transition. They use roman numeral numbers to name the oxidation number and they can be reduced so uncross to check Fourth Ones, “1”, are understood - just as in math

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