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HEPATITIS

HEPATITIS. Iva Pitner Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat. HEPATITIS = inflammation of liver. HEPATITIS - causes. ACUTE: Viral hepatitis Non - viral infection Alcohol Toxins Drugs Ischemic hepatits Autoimmune Metabolic diseases. CHRONIC: Viral hepatitis Alcohol Drugs

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HEPATITIS

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  1. HEPATITIS Iva Pitner Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat

  2. HEPATITIS = inflammation of liver

  3. HEPATITIS- causes • ACUTE: • Viral hepatitis • Non-viral infection • Alcohol • Toxins • Drugs • Ischemic hepatits • Autoimmune • Metabolic diseases • CHRONIC: • Viral hepatitis • Alcohol • Drugs • Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis • Autoimmune • Heredity

  4. HEPATITIS-symptoms • ACUTE: • Malaise • Muscle and join ache • Fever • Nausea or vomiting • Loss of apetite • Abdominal pain • Dark urine • Jaundice • CHRONIC: • Malaise, tiredness, weakness • Weight loss • Peripheral oedema • Ascites

  5. Hepatitis A • Transmission: faecal-oral • Incubation: 2-6weeks • High-risk countries:Eastern Europe, Africa, Asia, South America In these regions almost every child comes into contact with the hepatitis A virus before the age of 10 • The proportion of symptomatic forms and complications increase with age

  6. Diagnosis: AST, ALT, Igm, IgG Prevention:hygienic measures passive immunization ( gives <3 months immunity to those at risk) active immunization Treatment:nospecific, dietary food and long rest CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE DOES NOT OCCUR!

  7. Hepatitis B: ACUTE CHRONIC- 5-10% (infection >6months) • Every year 1 to 2 million people die due to an infection by this virus complications of chronic hepatitis

  8. Transmission: blood and body fluids, iv drug abusers, sexual transmission • Incubation: 1-6 months • Hepatitis B virus primarily interferes with functions of the liver by replicating in liver cells • During HBV infection, the host immune response causes both hepatocellular damage and viral clearance

  9. Diagnosis: HBsAg - 1-6 months after exposure HBeAg - 1-3 months after acute illness, high infectivity anti-HBc - past infection anti-HBs - implies vaccination HBsAg-positive for at least 6 months - hepatitis B carriers (may have chronic hepatitis B)

  10. Prevention: vaccination • Treatment: chronic- PAGinterferon-2α, antiviral drugs (lamivudine...)

  11. Hepatitis D • Subviral satellite because it can propagate only in the presence of hepatitis B coinfection superinfection • Transmission: parenteral (intravenous drug use mostly) • > 60% develop cirrhosis

  12. Hepatitis C ACUTE CHRONIC 50-80% first 6 months after infection more than 6 months 60-70% asymptomatic often asymptomatic most patients develop chronic 1/3 progress to cirrhosis in 20y HCV • Infects 3-4 million people per year

  13. Transmission: blood • Incubation: 2weeks - 6months • No vaccine! • 35% of patients infected with HIV are also infected with hepatitis C virus

  14. Alcoholic hepatitis • Major cause of liver cirrhosis in the Western world hepatocellular necrosis and ballooning degeneration

  15. References • http://www.emedicinehealth.com/hepatitis • http://en.wikipedia.org/ • http://www.hepatitis.org/hepatalcool_angl.htm • Oxford handbook of clinical medicine

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