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1. Introduction to CAD

ME 521 Computer Aided Design. 1. Introduction to CAD. Dr. Ahmet Zafer Şenalp e-mail: azsenalp@gyte.edu.tr Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü Gebze Yüksek Teknoloji Enstitüsü. 1. Introduction to CAD. Basic Definitions. CAD: Computer Aided Design

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1. Introduction to CAD

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  1. ME 521 ComputerAidedDesign 1. Introductionto CAD Dr. Ahmet Zafer Şenalpe-mail: azsenalp@gyte.edu.tr Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü Gebze Yüksek Teknoloji Enstitüsü

  2. 1. Introductionto CAD BasicDefinitions CAD: ComputerAidedDesign is the use of computertechnology for the process of design and design-documentation. CAM: ComputerAidedManufacturing Production operations planning, management and control, directly or indirectly brought face to face with the computer systems technology CAE: ComputerAidedEngineering CAD geometry is analyzed using computer systems, by giving designers the opportunity to work on product design and simulation toimproveand optimize thedesign. GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  3. 1. Introductionto CAD BasicDefinitions • An Essential Tool for Mech. Design and Drafting – More than one million mechanical engineers and designers worldwide use advanced 3-D solid modeling technology – Another two million use 2-D mechanical drafting • A Key for Improved Productivity – Entire automobiles, airplanes, and jet engines are beingdesigned in an integrated (CAD/CAE/CAM) manner. – Internet is being used to exchange design data worldwide. – Products that previously took several years to bring tomarket can be developed in just months. – The products are more reliable, meet customer expectationsbetter, and are less costly to manufacture. GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  4. 1. Introductionto CAD Broad Applications • MechanicalDesignandVisualization – Detailed Design and Electronic Drafting – ParametricModeling • MotionSimulation/Animation • EngineeringAnalysisandOptimization – Pre- and Post- Graphical Processors for Finite Element Analysis (Mechanics, Dynamics, Thermo-flow, etc.) – Identification of Optimal Design Parameters and Configurations – Motion Analysis (Location, Speed, Acceleration and Force) • ManufacturingPlanning of Simulation – Machining – IndustrialRobots GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  5. 1. Introductionto CAD TechnologyAdvance of CAD (1/2) In 1960's • mechanism design satisfying several geometric constraints • designparameteroptimization • simple 2-D graphics In 1970's • wireframemodeling • free-form surface modeling – mainframe computers Late 1970's • solidmodeling Early 1980's • turn-key CAD systems • CAD/CAM integration • mechanical feature recognition from a CAD database GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  6. 1. Introductionto CAD TechnologyAdvance of CAD (2/2) Middle 1980's • feature-based CAD system – mini and micro computers • parametric design – PC's & Turnkey systems (Pro/ENGINEER Products) Late 1980's • designformanufacturing • designforautomatedassembly Early 1990's • concurrentengineeringdesign • integrated design, analysis and optimization Present • integrated design, analysis and optimization • virtual-prototyping and automated design optimization • Internet baseddesignautomation GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  7. 1. Introductionto CAD Unique Characteristics of A CAD System • Combining the precision of electronic graphics and the mathematical processing power of a digital computer • Design automation and integration of analysis, animation/simulation, planningandmanufacturing • Optimization GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  8. 1. Introductionto CAD Functions of CAD Systems The Primary Capability – Generating Perfect ScaleDrawings – accurate scale line drawings in 2D and 3D – model of sculpturedsurfaces – solid model of objects This capability sets CAD apart from other uses ofComputer • ManyDiverseCapabilities – artistic creation of shaded 3D shapes and patterns – automatic generation of design databases – facilitatingengineeringanalysis – providing input to, monitoring, simulating and controllingmanufacturingactivities. GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  9. 1. Introductionto CAD Functions of Computer-AidedGeometryDesign – (a) Specification of DesignGeometry • Computer-aided drafting (interactive graphics and user interface) • Customizing CAD systems GeometricModelingandRepresentation • Computer model of part and assembly design (data structure and data basedesign) Visualization • Architecture view of a design • Computer games and education programs Generation of Manufacturing Oriented Database • Feature-baseddesign • Parametricdesign AnimationandSimulation • Mechanism • CNC machining • Robot trajectory • Automobilecrash GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  10. 1. Introductionto CAD Functions of Computer-AidedGeometryDesign – (b) Tolerance Representation and Automated Tolerancing • Dimensionrelationanalysis • Toleranceanalysis (errorstack-up) • Tolerancesynthesis (tolerancedesign, tolerancespecification) Pre- and Post-interfaces to Finite Element Analysis Programs • Automated mesh generation • Graphical display of stress distribution DesignAutomation • Designoptimization • Designformanufacturing • Designforautomatedassembly • Concurrentengineeringdesign Virtual (orSoft) Prototyping ReverseEngineering GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  11. 1. Introductionto CAD Information Embedded in a CAD System • GraphicalInformation – Partgeometry – Topologicalandassemblyrelations • TextualInformation – Dimensions – Tolerances (dimensional & geometric) – Materials – Surfacefinishes GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  12. 1. Introductionto CAD Data Organization in CAD Systems • PastApproach The geographical information is represented using lowlevel graphical elements such as points, lines, arcs, etc. The textual information is represented as texts, notes andsymbols attached to a drawing. • Ideal/PresentApproach – feature-basedmodeling To represent part geometry using high-level featureprimitivessuch as holes, slots, pockets, etc. (consistenttothe engineering practice), and to represent dimensions,tolerances, surfacefinishes, etc. as meaningfuldesignentities. GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  13. 1. Introductionto CAD Tools Commonly Used in Computer Aided Design • Representinggeometricshape – Computergraphics (2D) – Geometricmodeling (3D) • InteractiveGraphicalProgramming – Programming on differentplatforms – GraphicalUserInterface • Manipulating and storing design data – Data structuredesign – Databasesystem • Generatingfeasibledesigns (automatically) – Knowledgereasoning – Knowledge-basedsystem – Fuzzylogic – Artificialneuralnetworks • Evaluating design alternatives and identifying the optimal solution – numericaloptimization – finiteelementsmethod – costmodelingandanalysis GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  14. 1. Introductionto CAD Applications in MechanicalDesigns GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  15. 1. Introductionto CAD Sculptured Surface Design and Modeling GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  16. 1. Introductionto CAD Visual Reality in Architectural Design GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  17. 1. Introductionto CAD MotionAnimationandSimulation (Tractors) GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  18. 1. Introductionto CAD LargerAssemblies CNC assembly, 4,000 components total GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  19. 1. Introductionto CAD Applications in StressAnalysis GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  20. 1. Introductionto CAD The Evolution of CAD • 2D draftingreplaced manual drafting • 3D wireframe modelling • 3D surface modelling • 3D solid modelling GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  21. 1. Introductionto CAD 2D CAD • Drawing tools • Line types • Hatching • Dimensioning • Etc. GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  22. 1. Introductionto CAD Limitations of 2D CAD • Simply automates manual drafting • Still no 3D representation of the object GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  23. 1. Introductionto CAD 3D Modelling • Geometry must be located relative to a 3D coordinate system • CAD systems use a global coordinate system and local coordinate systems • Various methods available for inputting geometry • work planes • direct keyboard entry • snap to existing entities • etc. GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  24. 1. Introductionto CAD Wireframe Modelling • Geometric entities are lines and curves in 3D • Volume or surfaces of object not defined • Easy to store and display • Hard to interpret - ambiguous GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  25. 1. Introductionto CAD Wireframe Modelling Hard to interpret - ambiguous GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  26. 1. Introductionto CAD Hidden-Line Wireframe GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  27. 1. Introductionto CAD Surface Modelling • Models 2D surfaces in 3D space • All points on surface are defined • useful for machining, visualization, etc. • Surfaces have no thickness, objects have no volume or solid properties • Surfaces may be open GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  28. 1. Introductionto CAD Surface Modelling GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  29. 1. Introductionto CAD Solid Modelling • Complete and unambiguous • Models have volume, and mass properties GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  30. 1. Introductionto CAD Designing in 2D • 3D object is represented by 2D views • The user must make sure views are consistent and valid • The user must generate views from 3D object, and visualize object from views • Spatial visualization has been a key skill for engineers! • These skills have been taught for generations as engineering graphics GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  31. 1. Introductionto CAD Designing in 3D • New CAD systems allow the designer to work directly in 3D • The model can be viewed and manipulated easily and naturally • When the design is complete, 2D drawings and views can be generated automatically GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  32. 1. Introductionto CAD WorkspaceandSequenceSimulation Ergonomicsandaccessibility test GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  33. 1. Introductionto CAD Integrated CAD/CAE/CAM Systems Professional CAD/CAE/CAM Tools – CATIA (DassaultSystemes - IBM) – Unigraphics Solutions (Electronic Data Systems Corp - EDS) – I-DEAS (EDS) – Pro/ENGINEER (PTC) • Other CAD and Graphics Packages – AutoCADMechanicalDesktop – SolidWorks (CATIA) – SolidEdge (EDS) – MicroStation – Intergraph GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  34. 1. Introductionto CAD Pro/ENGINEER • One of the CAD/CAM/CAE industry’s leading suppliers ofsoftware tools from Parametric Technology Corp. (PTC) • A pioneer of the new feature-based, parametrically drivendesign paradigm in late 1980s, now industrial standard. • A system used to automate the development of a mechanicalproduct from its conceptual design through production. • Offering integrated software technologies to reduce time tomarket, improve engineering process, and optimize productquality. • One of the fastest growing companies in the mechanicaldesignautomation market • Improved user’s interface in recent release. GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  35. 1. Introductionto CAD Pro/ENGINEER GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  36. 1. Introductionto CAD Pro/ENGINEER GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  37. 1. Introductionto CAD Pro/ENGINEER GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  38. 1. Introductionto CAD CATIA • A process-centric CAD/CAM software solution marketedexclusively by IBM and developed by Dassault Systems • A system used to design and manufacture many complex3D products. Today, 7 out of every 10 airplanes and 4 outof every 10 cars are designed using CATIA-CADAMSolutions, making it the de facto standard for thesemarkets. • A software of choice for a wide variety of applicationsranging from consumer goods and machinery to plantdesignandshipbuilding. • 300,000 CATIA users worldwide, nearly half in Englishlanguagemarkets GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  39. 1. Introductionto CAD CATIA GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  40. 1. Introductionto CAD I-DEAS • A full spectrum design modeling, analysis, simulation, andmanufacturing CAD/CAE/CAM software from Structural Dynamics ResearchCorporation (SDRC) • One of the older and well-established CAD/CAE system,having a significant market share. • Having very strong CAE capabilities • A software of choice for a wide variety of applicationsranging from consumer goods and machinery toautomotive (Ford Motor Company) GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  41. 1. Introductionto CAD I-DEAS GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  42. 1. Introductionto CAD Unigraphics • A full spectrum design modeling, analysis, simulation,and manufacturing CAD/CAE/CAM software from Unigraphics Solutions • One of the older and well-established CAD/CAE system. • A software of choice for a wide variety of applications,especially in automotive and aerospace product development. GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  43. 1. Introductionto CAD SolidEdge • Powerfulmodelingtools • Integrateddesignmanagement • Productivityforlargeassemblies • Ease of adoption • Model faster • Eliminate errors with engineering aids • Draftingtools • Unmatchedinteroperability • Design-through-manufacturing GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  44. 1. Introductionto CAD AutoCADandMechanicalDesktop • A world’s leading PC-based 3D mechanical designpackage, fromAutoDeskInc. • Used to be the primary PC drafting package (dealer, PC) • The world’s most popular CAD software due to its lowercostand PC platform • New features (MechanicalDesktop): – ACIS 3.0 Advanced Solid Modeling Engine – NURBS SurfaceModeling – Robust Assembly Modeling and Automated AssociativeDrafting • Flexible programming tools, AutoLISP, ADS and ARX GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  45. 1. Introductionto CAD SolidWorks • 3D Computer-aided Mechanical Design softwarefrom SolidWorks Corp. founded in 1993 and acquiredbe Dassault System in 1997. • A leader of the group of new lower-priced mechanicaldesign solution companies based upon component software. • A system used for designing and engineering partsand assemblies in a completed 3D-centric processlinked to automated assembly and drafting functions. • The first solid modeling program to run in nativeWindowsenvironments, and sells for a fraction of thecost of similarprograms GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  46. 1. Introductionto CAD SolidWorks - COSMOS SolidWorks - a design automation software package used to produceparts, assembliesanddrawings Package fully embedded within SolidWorks software • COSMOSXpress - an easy-to-use stress analysis tool • COSMOSWorks - stress, frequency, buckling, thermal, and 4optimization analyses • COSMOSMotion - motion simulation and kinematics. • COSMOSFloWorks - fluid flow analysis with robust capabilitiesnormally found in high-end CFD programs. • COSMOSEMS - 3D-field simulator for low frequencyelectromagneticandelectromechanicalapplications • COSMOSDesignSTAR™ is a powerful design analysis programthat works with most popular CAD programs. GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  47. 1. Introductionto CAD Integrated CAD/CAE Tools • ANSYS (from ANSYS Inc.) – A growth leader in CAE and integrated design analysis andoptimization (DAO) software – Covering solid mechanics, kinematics, dynamics, and multi-physics (CFD, EMAG, HT, Acoustics) – Interfacing with key CAD systems • NASTRAN (fromMacNeal-Schwendler) – A powerful structural analysis program for analyzing stress,vibration, dynamic, nonlinear and heat transfer characteristics. – PATRAN provides an openflexible MCAE environmentformultidisciplinary design analysis, and simulates product performanceandmanufacturingprocesses. • Pro/MECHANICA (integratedwithPro/E) A system provides an open flexible MCAE environment for multidisciplinary design analysis, and simulate product performance andmanufacturingprocesses. GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  48. 1. Introductionto CAD Integrated CAD/CAE Tools • Mastercam (from CNC Software, Inc.) – A system for generating 2- through 5- axis milling, turning,wire EDM, lasers, mold base development and 3D designanddrafting. • Virtual Gibbs (from Gibbs and Associates) – A powerful, full featured CAM system for NC programming • Varimetrix (fromVarimetrixCorp.) – A system with design modeling, CAM (planning, resourcemanagement and CNC programming), and drafting • Pro/MANUFACTURING (integratedwithPro/E) – A system for generating machine code (CNC codes for 3axis milling, turning and wire EDM) to produce parts. GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  49. 1. Introductionto CAD Integrated CAD/CAE Tools • SURFCAM (from Surfware Inc. CA) – An outgrowth of the Diehl family’smachineshop – A systemforgenerating 2~5- axismilling, turning, drilling, and wire EDM. – Toolpathverification (MachineWorks Ltd.) • Rhinoceros (NURBS modeling) – Industrial, marine, and jewelry designs;cad/cam; rapid prototyping; and reverseengineering GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

  50. PhotorealisticRendering of Concepts orFinishedModels 1. Introductionto CAD Pro/ENGINEER GYTE-Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü

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