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Understanding States of Matter in Chemistry

Explore the properties of solids, liquids, and gases and learn how they are classified based on their shapes and volumes. Discover the characteristics of particles in each state and delve into other states of matter like plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate.

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Understanding States of Matter in Chemistry

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  1. Solids, Liquids and Gases Ch 3 Section 3.1

  2. Describing States of Matter • Materials can be classified as solids, liquids or gases based on whether their shapes and volumes are definite (unchanging) or variable (changing) • Shape and volume are clues as to how particles are arranged

  3. Solids • Material has definite shape and volume • Almost all solids have some type of orderly arrangement on the atomic level

  4. Liquids • Material has definite volume, but not a definite shape • Liquids always take the shape of their containers

  5. Gases • Material has neither a definite shape nor a definite volume • Gas takes the shape and volume of its container • Gases can be compressed or expanded

  6. Other states of matter • On Earth, almost all matter exists as a solid, liquid or gas; at extremely high temperatures plasma exists • Plasma – ionized gas (more in Ch 10) • BEC (Bose-Einstein condensate) – occurs at absolute zero (-273°C) • A group of atoms behaving a one single particle • Still not fully understood

  7. OTHER STATES OF MATTER

  8. Kinetic Theory • Kinetic energy – energy an object has due to motion • Kinetic theory of matter – all particles of matter are in constant motion

  9. Particles in a Solid A solid is made up of particles which vibrate around a fixed or central position Particles do not swap positions in a solid Particle of a solid A B

  10. Particles in a Liquid A liquid is made up of particles which move about and hit each other Particles can swap position in a liquid by moving past each other B A liquid particle A

  11. Particles in a gas A gas is made up of particles which move about much more quickly than in a liquid and often hit each other, they are in constant, random motion It is the particles colliding with the sides of a container which cause the pressure A gas particle A B

  12. Copy on your notes and replace each letter with one of these phrases: Definite volume, Variable volume, Definite shape, Variable shape Solid Gas Liquid D ________ A_______ B ___________ C ________

  13. Copy on your notes and replace each letter with one of these phrases: Definite volume, Variable volume, Definite shape, Variable shape Gas Liquid Solid Variable Volume Definite Shape Variable Shape Definite Volume

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