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Paragonimus westermani

Paragonimus westermani. Paragonimu westermani. AKA lung Fluke Paragonimus is a trematode 40 different species Hermaphroditic (testes and ovaries) Estimated 293 million at risk Discovered after 2 bengal tigers died in zoos in Europe in 1878.

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Paragonimus westermani

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  1. Paragonimuswestermani

  2. Paragonimuwestermani • AKA lung Fluke • Paragonimus is a trematode • 40 different species • Hermaphroditic (testes and ovaries) • Estimated 293 million at risk • Discovered after 2 bengal tigers died in zoos in Europe in 1878. • Quickly found in lungs, brain, and viscera of humans in Japan, Korea, and Phillipines

  3. Geographic • 22 million people in Africa, Asia, and South and Central America. • Southeast Asia Particularly is affected because raw seafood is popular there. • Humans get infected with this disease by eating raw crabs, fish that are carrying parasite. • In Asia about 80% of freshwater crabs are infected with lung fluke.

  4. Hosts • Definitive: • Mammals, (Humans)- anything eat crustaceans. • Intermediate: 1st- Snail 2nd- Crustaceans • Reservoir- • Carnivores, pigs, some rodents, pigs, feline species.

  5. Morphology • Adult worms are 7.5 mm to 12 mm long. • 4mm to 6mm at greatest width. • Very thick measuring 3.5mm to 5.0 mm • In life appearance they are reddish brown, “coffee beans”

  6. Pathogenesis • Invasive stages cause few or no pathological conditions. • Once in lung, worm stimulates an inflammatory response. • Makes a capsule out of granulation tissue. • These capsules often ulcerate and heal slowly.

  7. Life Cycle

  8. MetacerariaCercariae

  9. Whats wrong with me? • http://www.ksat.com/health/25624552/detail.html#video

  10. Disease • Symptoms • Pain and severe coughing (some blood= hemoptysis). fever, chest pain, sweats, asymptomatic, abdominal pain, wheezing. • Diagnosis: • Is done by looking at sputum (slime from the lungs), to see if any lung fluke eggs are present, or matter from paragonimus-caused ulcer. • Cerebral Spinal Fluid Test • Feces can be examined too. • Also X-rays and biopsies can be taken.

  11. Treatment • Paragonimiasis is usually treated with a drug called praziquantel. (95% efficiency) • Praziquantel is an anthelmintic used in most schistosome and many cestode infestations. • Salting does not kill parasite, cooking and freezing does. • After ingestion, takes about 3 months for lung fluke to start laying. • Host might stay infected up to 20 years.

  12. Paragonimuskellicotti

  13. Geography • This species is an endemic (Native) to North America. Found East of the Rockies. • Well known pathogen in wild/domestic animals such as cat, dog, possum, skunk, mink, etc..

  14. Hosts • Passes through 3 hosts total. • Larval form pass through aquatic snail, then to a crustacean, before eaten by mammal. • Definitive Host- • mammals • Intermediate- • In North America, the first intermediate host for P. kellicottiis Pomatiopsislapidaria, an amphibious snail that ranges fromthe southeastern and midwestern United States into Ontario,Canada. Second is the crayfish.

  15. Treatment • Serological tests- antibody detections, lung biopsy. • Sputum and fecal examinations to look for eggs in sample. • Can infect humans, more prevalent for wild/domestic mammals. • Can be treated with praziquantel. (71-75% cure rate) • More severe infections must be surgically removed by removing larvae, but it problematic. • triclabendazole – used for treatments in animals.

  16. Prevention/Control • Control of Paragonimus in animals (mammals) is impractical. • The control of thesnail and crustacean intermediate hosts is also impractical • But the control in humans is possible in education on preparation of food. • Always thoroughly cook your food!!!!!

  17. Control • Keep dogs and cats on a leash or have them indoors. • But cats and dogs do not pose a threat for humans since we do not eat cats or dogs.

  18. True/ False • Paragonimuskellicotti is endemic in North America? • There are only 20 species of Paragonimus? • The definitive host in Paragonimuswestermanii is crustaceans? • Treatment is most effective with the drug Praziquantel?

  19. References • http://www.parasitesinhumans.org/paragonimus-westermani-lung-fluke.html • http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/p/paragonimiasis/symptoms.htm • http://animal.discovery.com/invertebrates/monsters-inside-me/lung-fluke-paragonimus-westermani/ • http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/html/paragonimiasis.htm • http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/content/full/22/3/415

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