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Importance of CHNOPS Elements in Nutrient Cycles

Understand the importance of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur in nutrient cycles and how they contribute to the balance of ecosystems.

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Importance of CHNOPS Elements in Nutrient Cycles

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  1. DO NOW:For life, what is the importance of… • Carbon? • Hydrogen? • Nitrogen? • Oxygen? • Phosphorus? • Sulfur? VIDEO 1 – Water and Carbon VIDEO 2 – N, P

  2. For life, what is the importance of… • Carbon - is basis for ORGANIC materials. • Hydrogen- water and energy transfer. • Nitrogen – amino acids / genetic material • Oxygen – water / cellular respiration • Phosphorus – ATP / energy transfer (adenosine triphosphate) • Sulfur – amino acids

  3. C.H.NOPS

  4. Nutrient Cycles • Cycling maintains homeostasis (balance) in the environment. • 4 cycles to investigate: • 1. Water cycle • 2. Carbon cycle • 3. Nitrogen cycle • 4. Phosphorus cycle

  5. BIO GEO CHEMICAL CYCLESCHEMICALS THAT CYCLE THROUGH LIFE AND EARTH.BOZEMAN VIDEO

  6. RCC • What does CHNOPS stand for? What is the importance of each element? • What is homeostasis? • Chemical cycles that go through life and earth are called? • What are the 4 cycles we will be studying?

  7. WATER CYCLE • WHAT IS THE POINT OF THIS VIDEO?

  8. THE POINT IS WATER IS IMPORTANT TO CIVILIZATIONS • This is a review! • Write down the leading questions for each cycle. • Answer • Review the cycle • HW

  9. Leading Questions for each cycle… Since we are talking about nutrients moving from living to non living… for each cycle answer these questions: • Where are the nutrients stored? • How does it get into plants? • How does it get into animals? • How does it get back again?

  10. BIO GEO CHEMICAL CYCLESCHEMICALS THAT CYCLE THROUGH LIFE AND EARTH.

  11. Water cycle- • Evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, infiltration • Video 1

  12. Water cycle-

  13. Ogalalla Aquifer • Video

  14. HW: • Tonight : Read packet pages 21 – 27 • KWL Vocab chart & • Answer q’s on pages 23 & 26 – due tomorrow.

  15. Period 1/5/7/8 Quiz

  16. OBJECTIVES: REVIEW sections 1&2 Activity Discussion Review of lesson / notes HW sheet PA STATE ANCHORS BIO.B.4.2.3 – Describe how matter recycles through an ecosystem BIO.B.4.2.4 – Describe how ecosystems change in response to natural and human disturbances CHEM.A.1.1.1 – Classify physical and chemical changes within an ecosystem

  17. WARM UP review of topics covered – use your notes to answer – • WHAT is the OGALLALA AQUIFER? • DESCRIBE what is it good for. • What is C.H. NOPS? • WHAT are each of the elements good for? • DRAW the hydrologic cycle. • LABEL the 5 parts. • What is the earth getting from space? • What is the earth sending to space? • Spell correctly the name of this class.

  18. PRE QUIZ • What is the equation for PHOTOSYTHESIS? • WHAT is the equation for Cellular Respiration? • What is the connection between the two? • What is the TYPE of Coal found in SWPA? • What SEAM is it from (name)

  19. Warm Up 1. What type of COAL is found in SWPA? 2. What type of COAL is found in central PA? 3. What type of environment was here 350- 240 million years ago? 4. What is the main difference in the types of coal? 5. Limestone is calcium carbonate, where did it come from? 6. Crude Oil is carbon, where did it come from? 7. What is the equation for photosynthesis? 8. What is the equation for cellular respiration? 9. Explain what a carbon sink is. 10. Explain how coal and diamonds are related.

  20. Carbon Cycle • The SHORT TERM and LONG TERM carbon cycle transfer carbon through life and earth.

  21. RCC • What is the equation for photosynthesis? • What is the equation for cellular respiration?

  22. PHOTOSYTHESIS • Photosynthesis – Photosynthesis is the process used by plants containing green chlorophyll to utilize sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to form sugar (as glucose) and oxygen. • Sunlight Carbon + Water Glucose + Oxygen Dioxide (Sugar) 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 + Energy

  23. Cellular Respiration • Cellular Respiration is the process that most living organisms use to obtain energy from glucose (sugar), Oxygen. The wastes formed are carbon dioxide and water. C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + (Energy)

  24. adenosine triphosphate (ATP) • Many cells (including our own) are capable of generating adenosine triphosphate (ATP) using pathways that either rely upon oxygen (aerobic) or do not rely upon oxygen (anaerobic). • ATP is the form of energy which cells will use to synthesize those molecules needed to keep the cell alive

  25. Aerobic • The use of OXYGEN (aerobic) produces MORE ATP per sugar molecule than without (anaerobic). • Aerobic Respiration causes Organisms to grow much FASTER. • The breakdown of glucose begins with an anaerobic pathway known as glycolysis.

  26. Aerobic Cellular Respiration • Pathways include: • tricarboxylic acid cycle (also known as the citric acid cycle or Kreb's cycle) • electron transport chain • chemiosmosis

  27. Anaerobic • Pathway Includes: Fermentation • Organisms that are incapable of further aerobic breakdown of pyruvic acid carry out fermentation to convert the pyruvic acid down into either : • vinegar (ascetic acid), • alcohol (ethanol) or • one of many other organic compounds

  28. SHORT TERM Carbon Cycle • producers convert CO2 into carbohydrates by photosynthesis • consumers get the carbon by eating the plants, during cellular respiration some goes back in to the atmosphere as CO2. • Carbon is stored in plants and animals and when they die get returned to the earth.

  29. COMPREHENSION CHECK • What is the equation for PHOTOSYTHESIS? 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 • WHAT is the equation for Cellular Respiration? C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O • What is the connection between the two? Cellular respiration is photosynthesis BACKWARDS • What is the TYPE of Coal found in SWPA? BITUMINOUS • What SEAM is it from (name) Pittsburgh Seam

  30. Carbon cycle-

  31. RCC 1. What type of coal is found in SWPA? 2. What is the equation for photosynthesis? 3. What is the equation for respiration? 4. What type of environment was here 350- 240 million years ago? 5. _______ is the process used by_______ containing green chlorophyll to utilize sunlight, carbon dioxide and _____to form sugar (as glucose) and oxygen.

  32. Comprehension Check • What type of COAL is found in SWPA? • What type of COAL is found in central PA? • What type of environment was here 350- 240 million years ago? • What is the difference in the types of coal? • Limestone is calcium carbonate, where did it come from? • Crude Oil is carbon, where did it come from?

  33. Carbon Cycle • Long Term = fossil fuels are carbon, when they are burned (combustion) for energy CO2 is a byproduct that goes into the atmos. *Forests and oceans are main carbon sinks or carbon reservoirs that accumulate and store carbon. * Carbon is also in limestone CaCO3 although this carbon is derived from shells and bone carbon.

  34. VIDEOs • 1 • Nat Geo 1Explained

  35. video

  36. HW • Complete Review page • Read pages 28-29 and do the review questions in the packets.

  37. Warm Up 1. What type of COAL is found in SWPA? 2. What type of COAL is found in central PA? 3. What type of environment was here 350- 240 million years ago? 4. What is the main difference in the types of coal? 5. Limestone is calcium carbonate, where did it come from? 6. Crude Oil is carbon, where did it come from? 7. What is the equation for photosynthesis? 8. What is the equation for cellular respiration? 9. Explain what a carbon sink is. 10. Explain how coal and diamonds are related.

  38. COAL in PA • BITUMINOUS • PITTSBURGH SEAM • ANTHRACITE FOUND IN CENTRAL PA • OTHER COAL TYPES INCLUDES PEAT AND LIGNITE

  39. LONG TERM CARBON CYCLE

  40. Leading Questions for each cycle… Since we are talking about nutrients moving from living to non living… for each cycle answer these questions: • Where are the nutrients stored? • How does it get into plants? • How does it get into animals? • How does it get back again?

  41. Nitrogen cycle- Atmospheric nitrogen (N2) makes up nearly 78%-80% of air. Organisms can not use it in that form. Lightning and bacteria convert nitrogen into usable forms.

  42. Nitrogen fixation-convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonium (NH4+) , N2 NH4+ and then more bacteria use NITRIFICATION to turn it to nitrates and nitrites which can be used to make organic compounds like amino acids.

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