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The Evolution of Species: Insights from Darwin's Voyage on the Beagle and the Galapagos Islands

Explore the profound impact of Charles Darwin's 1831 voyage on the HMS Beagle and his landmark work, "On the Origin of Species," published in 1859. Learn how the geological history of the Galapagos Islands, formed around 4.2 million years ago, with its extreme volcanic activity (lava temperatures reaching 700 to 1,200 °C), contributed to the remarkable diversity of species. Examine the Hardy-Weinberg Law and the principles of natural selection that elucidate how species adapt and evolve, alongside key questions about what defines a species and population.

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The Evolution of Species: Insights from Darwin's Voyage on the Beagle and the Galapagos Islands

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  1. HISTORY The Beagle Charles Darwin 1831 Origin of Species 1859

  2. Galapagos Islands

  3. Volcanic Islands Age? Temperature of Lava? 4.2 million years (+/- 1.8) 700 to 1,200 °C (1,292 to 2,192 °F)

  4. Diversity of SPECIES

  5. Most Famous! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h6fqrDShlMM

  6. NO CHANGE will occur Gene frequencies will remain the same from generation to generation as long as 5 conditions are kept in a population. Hardy-Weinberg Law

  7. Same Species? • St Bernard and Chihuahua • St Bernard and Wolf • Gorilla and Chimp • Gorilla and YOU • European Human and African Human • Horse and Cow • Horse and Donkey • Horse and Mule • Mule and Donkey • Ground Finch of Galapagos and Finch of Ecuador

  8. Same Species? Yes • St Bernard and Chihuahua • St Bernard and Wolf • Gorilla and Chimp • Gorilla and YOU • European Human and African Human • Horse and Cow • Horse and Donkey • Horse and Mule • Mule and Donkey • Ground Finch of Galapagos and Finch of Ecuador No No No Yes No No No No No

  9. 64 62 63

  10. SPECIES? A group of organisms with similar traits that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

  11. POPULATION? A group of organisms of the same species in a certain area at a certain time.

  12. Same Species? Same Population? Chukar partridge in Mandan, North Dakota in 2012 and Chukar partridge in Elko, NV in 2012

  13. Same Species? Same Population? Chukar partridge in Elko, NV in 2011 and Chukar partridge in Elko, NV in 2012

  14. Hardy-Weinberg Law -assumptions- • No MUTATION • No MIGRATION • RANDOM MATING • POPULATION is LARGE • No GENOTYPE has a better chance at surviving and passing on their genes than another.

  15. Natural Selection • The mechanism for Evolution • The best traits in a population survive and are passed-on to the next generation. • Must be variation present.

  16. Areas of Evidence that support the Theory of Evolution: • GEOLOGIC: fossils, strata, etc. • RADIOACTIVE DATING • STRUCTURAL: homologous structures, etc. • MOLECULAR • DEVELOPMENTAL

  17. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/ References: Chapter 16

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