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Boundless Lecture Slides

Boundless Lecture Slides. Available on the Boundless Teaching Platform. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com. Using Boundless Presentations. Boundless Teaching Platform

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Boundless Lecture Slides

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  1. Boundless Lecture Slides Available on the Boundless Teaching Platform Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  2. Using Boundless Presentations Boundless Teaching Platform Boundless empowers educators to engage their students with affordable, customizable textbooks and intuitive teaching tools. The free Boundless Teaching Platform gives educators the ability to customize textbooks in more than 20 subjects that align to hundreds of popular titles. Get started by using high quality Boundless books, or make switching to our platform easier by building from Boundless content pre-organized to match the assigned textbook. This platform gives educators the tools they need to assign readings and assessments, monitor student activity, and lead their classes with pre-made teaching resources. Get started now at: • The Appendix The appendix is for you to use to add depth and breadth to your lectures. You can simply drag and drop slides from the appendix into the main presentation to make for a richer lecture experience. http://boundless.com/teaching-platform • Free to edit, share, and copy Feel free to edit, share, and make as many copies of the Boundless presentations as you like. We encourage you to take these presentations and make them your own. If you have any questions or problems please email: educators@boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  3. About Boundless • Boundless is an innovative technology company making education more affordable and accessible for students everywhere. The company creates the world’s best open educational content in 20+ subjects that align to more than 1,000 popular college textbooks. Boundless integrates learning technology into all its premium books to help students study more efficiently at a fraction of the cost of traditional textbooks. The company also empowers educators to engage their students more effectively through customizable books and intuitive teaching tools as part of the Boundless Teaching Platform. More than 2 million learners access Boundless free and premium content each month across the company’s wide distribution platforms, including its website, iOS apps, Kindle books, and iBooks. To get started learning or teaching with Boundless, visit boundless.com. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  4. Overview of the Circulatory System The Circulatory System Components of the Blood Mammalian Heart and Blood Vessels Blood Flow and Blood Pressure Regulation ] The Circulatory System Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  5. The Circulatory System > Overview of the Circulatory System Overview of the Circulatory System • The Role of the Circulatory System • Open and Closed Circulatory Systems • Types of Circulatory Systems in Animals Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/the-circulatory-system-40/overview-of-the-circulatory-system-224/

  6. The Circulatory System > Components of the Blood Components of the Blood • The Role of Blood in the Body • Red Blood Cells • White Blood Cells • Platelets and Coagulation Factors • Plasma and Serum Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/the-circulatory-system-40/components-of-the-blood-225/

  7. The Circulatory System > Mammalian Heart and Blood Vessels Mammalian Heart and Blood Vessels • Structures of the Heart • Arteries, Veins, and Capillaries • The Cardiac Cycle Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/the-circulatory-system-40/mammalian-heart-and-blood-vessels-226/

  8. The Circulatory System > Blood Flow and Blood Pressure Regulation Blood Flow and Blood Pressure Regulation • Blood Flow Through the Body • Blood Pressure Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/the-circulatory-system-40/blood-flow-and-blood-pressure-regulation-227/

  9. Appendix Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  10. The Circulatory System Key terms • anucleateof a cell which does not have a nucleus • aortathe largest artery in the human body which carries the blood from the heart to all parts of the body except the lungs • arterioleone of the small branches of an artery, especially one that connects with capillaries • arteryan efferent blood vessel from the heart, conveying blood away from the heart regardless of oxygenation status • atrioventricular (AV) nodepart of the electrical control system of the heart that coordinates the top of the heart; electrically connects atrial and ventricular chambers • atriuman upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins and forces it into a ventricle • bundle of Hisspecialized heart muscle cells that transmit electrical impulses from the AV node in the heart to the muscle cells of the heart wall, which contract in response producing the heart beat • cardiacpertaining to the heart • cardiac outputthe volume of blood being pumped by the heart, in particular by a left or right ventricle in the time interval of one minute • clota solidified mass of blood • coagulationthe process by which blood forms solid clots • collagenAny of more than 28 types of glycoprotein that forms elongated fibers, usually found in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  11. The Circulatory System • diastolerelaxation and dilation of the heart chambers, between contractions, during which they fill with blood • electrolyteany of the various ions (such as sodium or chloride) that regulate the electric charge on cells and the flow of water across their membranes • erythrocytean anucleate cell in the blood involved with the transport of oxygen called a red blood cell because of the red coloring of hemoglobin • granulea small structure in a cell • hemocoelthe system of cavities between the organs of arthropods and mollusks through which the blood circulates • hemoglobiniron-containing substance in red blood cells that transports oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body; it consists of a protein (globulin) and heme (a porphyrin ring with iron at its center) • hemolympha circulating fluid in the bodies of some invertebrates that is the equivalent of blood • hemolympha circulating fluid in the bodies of some invertebrates that is the equivalent of blood • homeostasisthe ability of a system or living organism to adjust its internal environment to maintain a stable equilibrium • hydraulicpertaining to water • hydrostaticof or relating to fluids, especially to the pressure that they exert or transmit • inferior vena cavalarge vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower half of the body to the right atrium of the heart Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  12. The Circulatory System • interstitial fluida solution found in tissue spaces that inundates and moistens cells in multicellular animals • leukocytea white blood cell • macrophagea white blood cell that phagocytizes necrotic cell debris and foreign material, including viruses, bacteria, and tattoo ink; part of the innate immune system • ostiuma small opening or orifice, as in a body organ or passage • pathogenany organism or substance, especially a microorganism, capable of causing disease, such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa, or fungi • respirationthe process by which cells obtain chemical energy by the consumption of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide; the process of inhaling and exhaling; breathing • sinoatrial (SA) nodeimpulse-generating (pacemaker) tissue located in the right atrium of the heart, and thus the generator of normal sinus rhythm • stenosisan abnormal narrowing or stricture in a blood vessel or other tubular organ • stroke volumethe volume of blood pumped from one ventricle of the heart with each beat • superior vena cavalarge vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body to the right atrium of the heart • systolerhythmic contraction of the heart, by which blood is driven through the arteries • vasoconstrictionconstriction of a blood vessel Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  13. The Circulatory System • vasodilationdilation of the blood vessels • veina blood vessel that transports blood from the capillaries back to the heart • vena cavaeither of the two large veins that take oxygen depleted blood from the upper body and lower body and return it to the right atrium of the heart • ventriclea lower chamber of the heart • venulesmall vein, especially one that connects capillaries to a larger vein • viscositya quantity expressing the magnitude of internal friction in a fluid, as measured by the force per unit area resisting uniform flow Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  14. The Circulatory System Types of white blood cells (a) Granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils) are characterized by a lobed nucleus and granular inclusions in the cytoplasm. Granulocytes are typically first-responders during injury or infection. (b) Agranulocytes include lymphocytes and monocytes. Lymphocytes, including B and T cells, are responsible for adaptive immune response. Monocytes differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells, which in turn respond to infection or injury. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Components of the Blood. October 17, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44804/latest/Figure_40_02_03ab.jpgView on Boundless.com

  15. The Circulatory System Different oxygen-carrying proteins (a) In most vertebrates, hemoglobin delivers oxygen to the body and removes some carbon dioxide. Hemoglobin is composed of four protein subunits, two alpha chains and two beta chains, and a heme group that has iron associated with it. The iron reversibly associates with oxygen; in so doing, it is oxidized from Fe2+ to Fe3+. (b) In most mollusks and some arthropods, hemocyanin delivers oxygen. Unlike hemoglobin, hemolymph is not carried in blood cells, but floats free in the hemolymph. Copper, instead of iron, binds the oxygen, giving the hemolymph a blue-green color. (c) In annelids, such as the earthworm and some other invertebrates, hemerythrin carries oxygen. Like hemoglobin, hemerythrin is carried in blood cells and has iron associated with it, but despite its name, hemerythrin does not contain heme. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Components of the Blood. October 17, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44804/latest/Figure_40_02_02abc.jpgView on Boundless.com

  16. The Circulatory System Electrical signals The beating of the heart is regulated by an electrical impulse that causes the characteristic reading of an ECG. The signal is initiated at the sinoatrial valve. The signal then (a) spreads to the atria, causing them to contract. The signal is (b) delayed at the atrioventricular node before it is passed on to the (c) heart apex. The delay allows the atria to relax before the (d) ventricles contract. The final part of the ECG cycle prepares the heart for the next beat. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Mammalian Heart and Blood Vessels. October 17, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44805/latest/Figure_40_03_05.jpgView on Boundless.com

  17. The Circulatory System Circulatory system is analogous to a highway system Just as highway systems transport people and goods through a complex network, the circulatory system transports nutrients, gases, and wastes throughout the animal body. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Introduction. October 17, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44800/latest/Figure_40_00_01.jpgView on Boundless.com

  18. The Circulatory System Animals without circulatory systems Simple animals consisting of a single cell layer, such as the (a) sponge, or only a few cell layers, such as the (b) jellyfish, do not have a circulatory system. Instead, gases, nutrients, and wastes are exchanged by diffusion. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Overview of the Circulatory System. October 17, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44801/latest/Figure_40_01_02ab.jpgView on Boundless.com

  19. The Circulatory System How platelets are made and how they work (a) Platelets are formed from large cells called megakaryocytes. The megakaryocyte breaks up into thousands of fragments that become platelets. (b) Platelets are required for clotting of the blood. The platelets collect at a wound site in conjunction with other clotting factors, such as fibrinogen, to form a fibrin clot that prevents blood loss and allows the wound to heal. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Components of the Blood. October 17, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44804/latest/Figure_40_02_04ab.jpgView on Boundless.com

  20. The Circulatory System Major arteries and veins The blood from the heart is carried through the body by a complex network of blood vessels. This diagram illustrates the major human arteries and veins of the human body. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Mammalian Heart and Blood Vessels. October 17, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44805/latest/Figure_40_03_06.jpgView on Boundless.com

  21. The Circulatory System View of the heart This front view of the heart shows the direction of blood flow to and from the heart. Blood leaves the heart through the pulmonary artery and aorta, while blood enters the heart through the two venae cavae and pulmonary veins. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Blood circulation."CC BYhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_circulationView on Boundless.com

  22. The Circulatory System Human heart The heart is central to the human circulatory system, as it pumps blood throughout the body. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Human Heart and Circulatory System."CC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Human_Heart_and_Circulatory_System.pngView on Boundless.com

  23. The Circulatory System Blood sample after centrifugation The liquid components of blood called plasma (yellow section) can be separated from the erythrocytes (red section) and platelets (white section) by using a centrifuging or spinning the blood. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Blood-centrifugation-scheme."CC BYhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blood-centrifugation-scheme.pngView on Boundless.com

  24. The Circulatory System Blood vessel layers Arteries and veins consist of three layers: an outer tunica externa, a middle tunica media, and an inner tunica intima. Capillaries consist of a single layer of epithelial cells, the endothelium tunic (tunica intima). Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Mammalian Heart and Blood Vessels. October 17, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44805/latest/Figure_40_03_07.jpgView on Boundless.com

  25. The Circulatory System Examples of animal circulatory systems (a) Fish have the simplest circulatory systems of the vertebrates: blood flows unidirectionally from the two-chambered heart through the gills and then to the rest of the body. (b) Amphibians have two circulatory routes: one for oxygenation of the blood through the lungs and skin, and the other to take oxygen to the rest of the body. The blood is pumped from a three-chambered heart with two atria and a single ventricle. (c) Reptiles also have two circulatory routes; however, blood is only oxygenated through the lungs. The heart is three chambered, but the ventricles are partially separated so some mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood occurs, except in crocodilians and birds. (d) Mammals and birds have the most efficient heart with four chambers that completely separate the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood; it pumps only oxygenated blood through the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Overview of the Circulatory System. October 17, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44801/latest/Figure_40_01_03abcd.jpgView on Boundless.com

  26. The Circulatory System Relationship between blood pressure and velocity Blood pressure is related to the blood velocity in the arteries and arterioles. In the capillaries and veins, the blood pressure continues to decease, but velocity increases. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Blood Flow and Blood Pressure Regulation. October 17, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44806/latest/Figure_40_04_03.jpgView on Boundless.com

  27. The Circulatory System Precapillary sphincters (a) Precapillary sphincters are rings of smooth muscle that regulate the flow of blood through capillaries; they help control the blood flow to where it is needed. (b) Valves in the veins prevent blood from moving backward. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Blood Flow and Blood Pressure Regulation. October 17, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44806/latest/Figure_40_04_01ab.pngView on Boundless.com

  28. The Circulatory System Circulatory system This illustration of the circulatory system shows where blood flows in the body. Red indicates oxygenated blood, while blue indicates deoxygenated blood. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Circulatory System en."CC BYhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Circulatory_System_en.svgView on Boundless.com

  29. The Circulatory System Closed and open circulatory systems (a) In closed circulatory systems, the heart pumps blood through vessels that are separate from the interstitial fluid of the body. Most vertebrates and some invertebrates, such as this annelid earthworm, have a closed circulatory system. (b) In open circulatory systems, a fluid called hemolymph is pumped through a blood vessel that empties into the body cavity. Hemolymph returns to the blood vessel through openings called ostia. Arthropods, such as this bee and most mollusks, have open circulatory systems. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Overview of the Circulatory System. October 17, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44801/latest/Figure_40_01_01ab.jpgView on Boundless.com

  30. The Circulatory System Components of human blood The cells and cellular components of human blood are shown. Red blood cells deliver oxygen to the cells and remove carbon dioxide. White blood cells (including neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and basophils) are involved in the immune response. Platelets form clots that prevent blood loss after injury. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Components of the Blood. October 17, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44804/latest/Figure_40_02_01.jpgView on Boundless.com

  31. The Circulatory System Diastole and systole (a) During cardiac diastole, the heart muscle is relaxed and blood flows into the heart. (b) During atrial systole, the atria contract, pushing blood into the ventricles. (c) During atrial diastole, the ventricles contract, forcing blood out of the heart. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Mammalian Heart and Blood Vessels. October 17, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44805/latest/Figure_40_03_03.jpgView on Boundless.com

  32. The Circulatory System Cardiomyocytes Cardiomyocytes are striated muscle cells found in cardiac tissue. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Mammalian Heart and Blood Vessels. October 17, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44805/latest/Figure_40_03_04.jpgView on Boundless.com

  33. The Circulatory System Human Heart (a) The heart is primarily made of a thick muscle layer, called the myocardium, surrounded by membranes. One-way valves separate the four chambers. (b) Blood vessels of the coronary system, including the coronary arteries and veins, keep the heart muscles oxygenated. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Mammalian Heart and Blood Vessels. October 17, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44805/latest/Figure_40_03_02ab.pngView on Boundless.com

  34. The Circulatory System Circulatory System The mammalian circulatory system is divided into three circuits: the systemic circuit, the pulmonary circuit, and the coronary circuit. Blood is pumped from veins of the systemic circuit into the right atrium of the heart, then into the right ventricle. Blood then enters the pulmonary circuit and is oxygenated by the lungs. From the pulmonary circuit, blood re-enters the heart through the left atrium. From the left ventricle, blood re-enters the systemic circuit through the aorta and is distributed to the rest of the body. The coronary circuit, which provides blood to the heart, is not shown. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. December 3, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44805/latest/?collection=col11448/latestView on Boundless.com

  35. The Circulatory System Attribution • Wiktionary."respiration."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/respiration • Wiktionary."cardiac."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cardiac • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. October 17, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44800/latest/?collection=col11448/latest • Wiktionary."hemolymph."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hemolymph • Wiktionary."ostium."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ostium • Wiktionary."hemocoel."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hemocoel • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. October 17, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44801/latest/?collection=col11448/latest • Wiktionary."ventricle."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ventricle • Wiktionary."atrium."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/atrium • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. October 17, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44801/latest/?collection=col11448/latest • Wiktionary."hydraulic."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hydraulic • Wiktionary."coagulation."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/coagulation • Wiktionary."homeostasis."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/homeostasis • Wikipedia."Blood."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. December 5, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44804/latest/?collection=col11448/latest • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. October 17, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44804/latest/?collection=col11448/latest • Wiktionary."anucleate."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anucleate Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  36. The Circulatory System • Wiktionary."hemolymph."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hemolymph • Wiktionary."hemoglobin."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hemoglobin • Wiktionary."erythrocyte."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/erythrocyte • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. October 17, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44804/latest/?collection=col11448/latest • Wiktionary."macrophage."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/macrophage • Wiktionary."granule."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/granule • Wiktionary."leukocyte."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/leukocyte • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. October 17, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44804/latest/?collection=col11448/latest • Wiktionary."pathogen."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pathogen • Wiktionary."stenosis."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stenosis • Wiktionary."clot."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/clot • Wiktionary."collagen."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/collagen • Wikipedia."Platlets."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platlets • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. October 17, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44804/latest/?collection=col11448/latest • Wiktionary."interstitial fluid."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/interstitial_fluid • Wiktionary."viscosity."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/viscosity • Wiktionary."electrolyte."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/electrolyte • Wikipedia."Blood serum."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_serum • Wikipedia."Blood plasma."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_plasma Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  37. The Circulatory System • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. October 17, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44804/latest/?collection=col11448/latest • Wikipedia."inferior vena cava."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/inferior%20vena%20cava • Wikipedia."superior vena cava."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/superior%20vena%20cava • Wiktionary."aorta."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aorta • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. December 3, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44805/latest/?collection=col11448/latest • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. October 17, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44805/latest/?collection=col11448/latest • Wiktionary."bundle of His."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bundle_of_His • Wikipedia."atrioventricular (AV) node."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/atrioventricular%20(AV)%20node • Wikipedia."sinoatrial (SA) node."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/sinoatrial%20(SA)%20node • Wiktionary."diastole."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/diastole • Wiktionary."systole."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/systole • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. October 17, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44805/latest/?collection=col11448/latest • Wiktionary."venule."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/venule • Wiktionary."vasoconstriction."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vasoconstriction • Wiktionary."vasodilation."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vasodilation • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. October 17, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44805/latest/?collection=col11448/latest • Wiktionary."vena cava."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vena_cava • Wiktionary."artery."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/artery • Wiktionary."vein."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vein Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  38. The Circulatory System • Wiktionary."arteriole."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arteriole • Wikibooks."Human Physiology/The cardiovascular system."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Human_Physiology/The_cardiovascular_system%23Blood_Flow_Through_Capillaries • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. October 17, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44806/latest/?collection=col11448/latest • Wiktionary."hydrostatic."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hydrostatic • Wikipedia."cardiac output."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/cardiac%20output • Wikipedia."stroke volume."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/stroke%20volume • Wikibooks."Human Physiology/The cardiovascular system."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Human_Physiology/The_cardiovascular_system%23Blood_Flow_Through_Capillaries • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. October 23, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44806/latest/?collection=col11448/latest • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. October 17, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44806/latest/?collection=col11448/latest Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

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