Jamestown Colony 1607

1. Jamestown Colony 1607 Early Grain Mill 17th Century 1607 – Jamestown is founded without a brewer and must send back to obtain one First shipment of beer arrives to sustain the colony 1613 – Dutch Brewery Block and Christiansens opens in New Amsterdam. A year later the first non-native is born in this brewery. Jean Vigne grows up to be a brewer. 1620 – Make shift ale being brewed with Maize method taught by Native Americans - Pious Pilgrims have to stretch recipes due to resource scarcity 1638 – Beer ration for sailors in New England set for 1 Quart a day

2. Early American Tavern Early Sailor’s Tankard 1636 – John Harvard draws up brewery plans for his new college 1639 – Harvard’s President John Eaton is dismissed for mistreating students after they revolt over beer rationing 1640 – Colonial Taverns help drive western expansion 1644 – Governor of New Sweden writes to complain of the negative impact of the cost of imported brewing materials 1667 – Harvard writes school standards for brewing small and strong beers

3. America’s 2nd oldest Tavern Increase Mather Cotton Mather 1660 – First brand name brewery opens – Red Lion Brewery 1675 – Cotton Mather (author) reports that every other building in Boston is an Ale House 1686 – Increase Mather appointed Harvard’s president and he enforces strict beer code to ensure student happiness Settling of the South proves problematic for beer production. Too Hot. 1693 – William and Mary establishes a brewery – fire in early 1700’s burns most of the campus to the ground. The brewery is first to be rebuilt

4. Tobacco Farm Early Tavern / Courthouse 1645-1700’s – Workplace beer rations are slowing momentum of building and expansion. New laws come and go regularly but none succeed in curbing this ration. 1740s – South begins trading tobacco for beer. 40 pounds per gallon 1756 – Beer is everywhere. 156 licensed taverns in Boston 18th Century – Southern Taverns serve as Courthouses and political centers 1764 – Revenue Act imposed on liquor by the crown – this pushes colonists into higher beer, wine and mead consumption

5. 1765 – Stamp Act requires all taverns pay a tax and must display a stamp on their licenses imported kegs are taxed as well. Immediately founding fathers form Stamp Act Congress at the Green Dragon Tavern – Homebrewing thrives – Refusal to buy goods forces Acts repeal 1768 – Townshend Acts bring about search and seizure along with a tax on all imported beer. John Adams and James Otis write a protest letter. The Crown demands that the Massachusetts Assembly rescind the letter. Assembly votes 92 to 17 against it and 92 becomes a very patriotic number. 1769 – Philadelphians refuse heavily taxed malt shipment on the “Charming Polly” they said that they never ordered it.

6. 1770 – Boston Massacre – “The crowd continued to harass the soldiers and began to throw snow balls and other small objects at the soldiers. Private Hugh Montgomery was struck down onto the ground by a club wielded by Richard Holmes, a local tavernkeeper.” 1770 – Townshend acts are repealed except for the tax on tea. Crown leaves Tea Tax to prove that it is still in power. Dec. 16th 1773- Over barrels of ale at the Green Dragon Tavern that were generously donated by Hancock the Sons of Liberty Gather to demonstrate their displeasure of the Crown’s heavy handedness

7. 1774 – Crown responds with the Intolerable Acts and the port of Boston was shut down. This cut off Boston’s Beer supply form England. The fellow colonies respond “We will not hereafter, directly or indirectly import, or cause to be imported, from Great Britain, any of the goods hereafter enumerated, either for sale or our own use, … beer, ale , porter, malt” Sept 4th 1774 - Convention held at tavern in Philadelphia to discuss next steps May 10th 1775 – Second Continental Congress meets Nov. 4th 1775 – Continental Congress passes a resolution establishing 1 quart of beer per day per soldier

8. Revolutionary War 200-300 Barrels per day for 10,000 troops = 1 Gallon per troop per day June 30th 1787 – Indian queen Tavern hosts the Constitutional Convention and this is where the house and senate are created 1789 – James Madison Introduces legislation to tax imported beer to help with war debt 1801 – James Madison writes – “I wish to see beer become common instead oof whiskey which kills one third of our citizens and ruins their families.