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Clash of the European Monarchs

Clash of the European Monarchs. Walker. Start of Conflict. Peace of Augsburg Lutherans vs. Catholics vs. Calvinists Calvinists pose threat Lutherans join Protestant Union Catholics form Catholic League Waiting for a spark…. The Spark. Hapsburg Family – Ferdinand II

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Clash of the European Monarchs

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  1. Clash of the EuropeanMonarchs Walker

  2. Start of Conflict • Peace of Augsburg • Lutherans vs. Catholics vs. Calvinists • Calvinists pose threat • Lutherans join Protestant Union • Catholics form Catholic League • Waiting for a spark…

  3. The Spark • Hapsburg Family – Ferdinand II • Also ruled the Czech kingdom of Bohemia • Czech Protestants didn’t trust or like Ferdinand • Protestants revolt after churches closed • Ferdinand sends in army • German protestants get involved • Thirty Years’ War has begun!

  4. Ferdinand II

  5. Thirty Years’ War • “War over religion, territory, and power among European ruling families.” • Two phases – Hapsburg triumphs/defeats • Triumphs • First 12 yrs. – Austria & Spain crush Czechs & supporting German Protestants • Paid army by allowing them to plunder German villages. Destroyed it.

  6. Defeats • Protestant Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden • Drives Hapsburgs out of Germany • Richelieu and Mazarin fight against Haps. • Protect power of French King • Send troops to help Germans and Swedish • Damage was done…to Germany

  7. Thirty Years’ War

  8. Peace of Westphalia • 1648 – Ends the war • Weakened Hapsburg states of Spain & Austria • Strengthens France – Get German territory • Ended religious wars in Europe • New method of peace negotiations • No Catholic dominance • Bunch of equal independent states

  9. Forming of States • Economic differences • W. Europe – Serfs could get freedom, let them move to city • C. Europe – keep serfs on land to grow crops, sell them for money • Empires weaken • Poland’s king loses much power • No strong ruler to unify state

  10. Hapsburgs • Austria • Reconquered Bohemia in 30 Yrs. War • Centralized gov’t & Created standing army • Retook Hungary from Ottomans • Charles VI – difficult task • Hungary, Italy, Croatia, Germany • Hard to keep it all together

  11. Austrian Throne • Charles VI keeps it together • European nations recognize successor – Daughter Maria Theresa • Will face lots of war – Prussia • Hohenzollern Family

  12. Maria vs. Frederick “The Great”

  13. Maria vs. Frederick “The Great”

  14. Prussia • Start small (Prussia and German states) • Frederick William “The Great Elector” • Strong navy = safety • Great Army – 80,000 – Taxes • Nobility unhappy with absolute monarch • Lets them be officers = happy again! • Very strong military society

  15. Frederick • Son was not a strong military guy • Witnesses beheading of friend • Starts to follow father’s footsteps • However, did soften some • Religious toleration • Legal reform • Father-like ruler

  16. Succession in Austria • Maria Theresa takes over - Silesia • So does Frederick II “The Great” • Iron ore, textiles, agricultural products • Frederick sends in his army • Theresa gets help from Hungary even though they hate the Hapsburgs • Great Britain helps to fight France (Prussia’s Ally)

  17. Seven Years’ War • Prussia takes Silesia – becomes major power • Theresa forms alliance with France • Frederick gets Britain to help – Switch • War starts when Frederick attacks Saxony • Britain comes out best • Gets French territories in N.A. • Dominant power in India as well

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