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Medical Laboratory Animal Sciences

??? ???????????. ?????? (?)?? ????(Laboratory animals)???????,????????????,?????????????,???????????????????????????. (?)??????? 1.??????? ????????????? 2.???????? ????(inbred strain) ????(closed colony) ????(hybrids). . ?????(conventional animal, CV)?????(cleaning animal,

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Medical Laboratory Animal Sciences

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    2. ??? ??????????? ?????? (?)?? ????(Laboratory animals)???????,????????????,?????????????,???????????????????????????

    3. (?)??????? 1.??????? ????????????? 2.???????? ????(inbred strain) ????(closed colony) ????(hybrids)

    4.

    5. ??:?????????????????? ???????,?????????: ???? (laboratory animals) ???? (economical animals) ???? (wild animals) ???? (exhibiting animals)

    6. ??:?????(Laboratory animal sciences)????????????????,??????????????????????????????? ????,???????????????????????

    7. 1. ????????? ?????????(Laboratory animal genetic breeding science)?????????,??????????????,?????????,?????????????????,??????????????

    8. 2. ???? ????(Comparative medicine)?????????????????,???????????????,??????,??????????????????????? 3. ?????? ??????(Laboratory animal medicine)???????????????????????????????????????

    9. 4. ??????? ???????(Laboratory animal nutriology)??????????????????????????????

    10. 5. ????????????? ?????????????(Laboratory animal microbiology and parasitology)??????????????????????????????????????,???????????????,???????????????????,???????????????

    11. 6. ????????? ?????????(Laboratory animal environmental ecology)???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

    12. 7. ?????? ??????(Laboratory animal techniques)???????????????,????????????????????

    13. ??? ??????????? ???????,?????,??????? ????,?????,?????,????, ???????

    14. 1944?,????????????????,1950??????????????; 1952?,??????????????,?????????????; 1956?,??????????????????????????????“?????????”,????????????; 1956?,??????“?????????????”,????????????????????; 1961?,????????????????????,????????????????

    15. ????????????,???(1909?)?????(1943?)????????????????(1962?)????????????????? ???,????????????????????????????,???????????????,?:????????????????

    16. (?) ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????? (478, 234) ??????????? ???????????????????????

    17. ?????????????? ???????SPF??????????????????????????????,????????????????????? ??????????,???????????????? ???????????250?,??????15???,????30?,????60?,????14?,????50???

    18. ?????????????????????? ???????????????,??????1-2????????,??????????????????,?????????????????????? ???????????? ??????????????????????

    19. ???????? ???????????????????(?????????????????????) ?????????? ???????????????????60Co ?????????????

    20. ?????? ???????????,???????,?????????,????????????????????????? ??????: ????????,??????????,??????????????

    23. ??????????????? Why do we use animals in research? ?????? Scientists use animals to learn more about health problems that affect both humans and animals, and to assure the safety of new medical treatments. ??????? Animals are necessary to medical research when it is impractical or unethical to use humans. ?????? Alternative methods for animal use are insufficient.

    24. ????:???????? ?????? ?????????????,???????????????????? ???????????,???????????????? ???????????????

    25. ????:?????? ???? Animal Liberation (1975,Peter Singer) ??:??????????????????????????????????? ??:??????????????????????——“????”? “????”?“????”?????????????????

    26. ?? specieism,????????????,?????? ?? specieism,????????????,??????

    28. ??????:????? ??????????“??” ????,??????????????,?????“??”??????? ?????

    31. (?)??????(Animal Welfare) ?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????,?????????????,??????????,???????????????????????? ????????????????????,???????,?????????????????????????????

    32. ????????????,????????????????,????????????????????????,???????????,???????????????“?”???? ?????????????,?????????????????????????????? ??????????????,????????????,????????????????????,????????????????

    33. ????????????????????????????????????,???????,????????? ??????????????,?????????????????????????????

    34. ????????????????????,???????????, ???????????????,???????????? ????????????????????????, ???(??)???,????????????????

    35. Animals are used in research to develop drugs and medical procedures to treat animal and human diseases. At here, I must emphasize the fact that not only our human being, but also animal-self benefit from animal experimentation ! ????????????

    36. ???????????? ???(canine distemper)??????????????????,??????80%??????????????20??20-30??,???????????????????,????????????????,???????????????“?????”(Dog Protection Bills),???????????????????????????????,?????,????????????????????????????????,?????20?????????? ???????(FIV)???????(FeLV)??????????????,???15%????FIV?FeLV?????????FIV?FeLV???,???????????

    37. (?)3R?? 3R????????????????????William Russell??????Rex Burch??,?????????????????????,?????? 3R???(replacement)???(reduction)???(refinement)?3R?????,????????????????,???????????????????

    38. 1.??(replace) :???????????????????????????????,???????????,???????????????????(??????)?????????????????????????????????????????????????????,?????????????

    39. ??: ????????????????????? ???????????????? ???????????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ?????????????????????

    40. 2.??(reduce) :??????????????????????????,????????? ???????????????????????,??????????????????,????????????

    41. 3.??(refine) :????????????,?????????????????????????????,??????????????????????,????????,??????????? ????,?????????????????????????????????

    42. (?)???????? AAALAC?? The Jackson Lab

    43. AAALAC International

    44. ???AAALAC International AAALAC International =Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International ????????????????? ???,???????????? ?

    45. ???AAALAC International ???1965?,??????????? ? ??????????: ?????? ??????? ???Waikoloa

    46. ???AAALAC International ????:??????????????????????????,???????????????????????????????????,??? ? ?????????????????,?????????????????????????????,?????????????????????????28????????700????????????????????????

    47. ???AAALAC International ??????? ??AAALAC???????????????????????? ??????????????????????

    48. ????

    49. ???? AAALAC?????????????? ??????????,???«Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animal, NRC 1996»???????? ????????????????????????????? ?

    50. ????

    51. ???? ????1996???????????,? ??????????????,?«???????????»? ????,?????????????????????????,????????????????AAALAC???????????????86/ 609/EEC????????????

    52. ????? ???????????????????,AAALAC????????????, ????«Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animal, NRC 1996»???????,?????????????????

    53. AAALAC??????? ???? (Full Accreditation): ???????????AAALAC?????,? ???????? ???? (Provisional Accreditation): ????????????AAALAC?????, ?AAALAC????????????24???? ???????????,?????????? ?????????

    54. AAALAC??????? ???? (Withhold Accreditation): AAALAC??????????????????,?????24??????????????? ?????? (Continued Full Accreditation): ??????????,?????????,? ??????? ?????? (Deferred Continued Accreditation): ??????????,??????????? ?????,????????????????? ?????????????

    55. AAALAC??????? ???? (Probationary Accreditation): ??????????,??????????? ??,12?????????????????? ??????????probation???????? ?,??????????,????????? ???? (Revoke Accreditation): ??????????,?????????????,????????,????????????????,?????????????????

    57. AAALAC International??? 2001?2?,????????????????????????????????????????????,????AAALAC??????????,?????????????AAALAC???

    58. AAALAC International??? 2005?12?7?,???????????????????(??????????????)?????????????“????????????”,?????AAALAC?????,????????AAALAC??????????????,????????????????????????????????AAALAC????????,??????????????????????????AAALAC International????

    59. The Jackson Lab http://www.jax.org/ ????????????????? ???2256?????,???DNA?? ?????97%??????? ?????????,?????????????????.

    60. ???????? 1988?10?31???????,??????«????????»? 1994?10?,???????«???????????» 2001??1994???????????2001?8???,2002?5?1????

    61. (?)????????????? ???,????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ?????????????

    62. (?)???????????? ???????????????? ??????????????????????????,?????????????????

    63. ???,??????????????????,????????????????????,?????????500-600??????????? 50??,TA1,TA2,615?????????;1957?,????????????? 80???,???????T?B???????????T?B?NK??????????

    64. 1985?,????????????????????????? 1987?,??????????,??1988???“?????????” ????????«????????»????????? “??????????????” ?????,???????????????????????

    66. ????????:(1?) “????????????” “??????????????” “????????????????” “????????????” ?????????:(2.4?) “???????????????????” “????????????????????”

    67. ??????????,????????????????????----????????????????????????????????,?????????????? ?????????: «????????» «????????» «????????» «???????????»??

    68. (?)????????? 1.??2002.5.1??????????? 2.??2002.5.1????2001???????? 3.???????????????????? ????????????

    69. 4.??????????????????? ??? 5.??????????????????? ?????????????? 6.??????????????????? ????

    70. (?)????????????????? ?????????????????? ?????????????????????? ?????:?:?????????????? ???????

    71. (?) ??????????????? ??????,????????????????????????????????????,????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????,??????????????????????????,???????????????????,????????????????,???????????????????????????????????

    72. ??? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????????? ???????????,????????????,???????????????????????,????????????,???????????????,??????????

    73. ????????????? ???????????????AEIR A??animal(??) E??equipment(??) I??information(??) R?? reagent(??)

    74. ????????????????????? ?????????,????????????????,???????,?????????? ?????????????,???????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????,??????????????

    77. ?2 ??????

    78. ??????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????

    79. (?)??????? (?)?????? (?)?????? (?)?????????? (?)????????? (?)????????? (?)??????????

    80. ???????????????????,???????? ????Congress Office of Technology Assessment?National Association for Biomedical Research??: ??????????????????, 70%???????????; ???????????????????? ?????????,???????????

    83. Most scientists use animals that are specially bred for research. The animals most commonly used in research are rats, mice, and other rodents. These animals are bred for research, and scientists purchase them from animal breeders. Small numbers of other animals are used in research including pigs, sheep, other farm animals, dogs, cats, and non-human primates.

    87. 6 to 8-week-old male BALB/c mice were provided by Laboratory Animal Centre of the Fourth Military Medical University. They were housed individually in cages in an animal house at 22°C under a light/dark cycle of 12 /12 hours, with standard food and water provided adlibitum, which were approved as the protocol by the institutional animal care and use committee.

    88. ???????????? ??«????????»,???????????????????????????????????,???????????????,????????????????? ????????????(???)????????????;?????????????????? ??????????????????(???),????????????????

    89. 1988?10?31?,????????????«????????»? 1994???????????«????????»2001?????,2002?5?1???? 1997?12?,????(??????)???«??????????» 2001?12?,?????????????????????????«???????????(??)»?

    90. ?????????????? ???????,?? ???????????,????????????? ?????????????,???????????? ???????????????????????????????????

    91. ??????? «????????» «??????????????????????(??)»

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