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Understanding Random Number Generation and String I/O in C Programming

This chapter explores random number generation and string input/output functions in C programming, as taught in ECE 103 at PSU. It covers essential library functions, such as `srand()` and `printf()`, which are crucial for manipulating random numbers and strings. Learn how to use `char *` pointers to handle strings and utilize formatting in outputs. Examples demonstrate the functionality, including generating random integers, formatting strings, and outputting to the console or storing in character arrays.

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Understanding Random Number Generation and String I/O in C Programming

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  1. ECE 103 Engineering ProgrammingChapter 51Random Numbers Herbert G. Mayer, PSU CS Status 6/4/2014 Initial content copied verbatim from ECE 103 material developed by Professor Phillip Wong @ PSU ECE

  2. Syllabus • srand() • sand()

  3. Random Number Generator C has library functions to input and output strings. Use #include <stdio.h> In the following table, char * is a pointer to a character array that contains a string. RNG Functions 2

  4. String I/O Functions C has library functions to input and output strings. Use #include <stdio.h> In the following table, char * is a pointer to a character array that contains a string. String I/O Functions 3

  5. srand intprintf (const char * format, …) Writes formatted output to the console. Use the %s format specifier for strings. %s expects the address of a char array which contains a string. Example: char name[] = "Jane Doe"; printf("[%s]\n", name); →[Jane Doe] printf("[%s]\n", &name[0]); →[Jane Doe] printf("[%s]\n", &name[5]); →[Doe] 4

  6. rand intsprintf (char * s, constchar * format, …) Performs a formatted print and saves it to a string. Works like printf except the output is stored in string s. Nothing is printed to the console. Example: char str[50]; intx = 4; sprintf(str,"x=%d y=%f", x, 1.5f); printf("title = %s\n", str); 5

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