1 / 28

10-Early Childhood: Psychosocial Development

10-Early Childhood: Psychosocial Development. Emotional development. Emotional regulation. The main psychosocial accomplishment Development of limbic system and prefrontal cortex. Erikson’s third stage. Initiative vs. guilt (Shame and doubt). Emotional development. Self-concept

denis
Télécharger la présentation

10-Early Childhood: Psychosocial Development

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. 10-Early Childhood: Psychosocial Development

  2. Emotional development

  3. Emotional regulation • The main psychosocial accomplishment • Development of limbic system and prefrontal cortex

  4. Erikson’s third stage • Initiative vs. guilt (Shame and doubt)

  5. Emotional development • Self-concept • Appearance, personality, gender • Connected to parents’ confirmation

  6. Motivation • Intrinsic = Internal (e.g. personal enjoyment) • Extrinsic = Outside (e.g. praise or paycheck)

  7. Seeking emotional balance • Externalizing problems • = Physical or verbal outbursts • Male aggression • Internalizing problems • = guilt, shame, worthlessness • Female anxiety

  8. Play • Universal & timeless • Best playmates are peers (Which children prefer)

  9. Types of play • Solitary • Child plays alone • Onlooker • Child watches others play • Parallel • Children play side-by-side No interaction • Associative • Interact, share material • Not reciprocal • Cooperative • Interactive • Taking turns

  10. Sociodramatic play • Cooperative play • Act out roles, themes & stories • E.g. playing house or dress-up • Cops & robbers • Helps • Rehearse social roles • Regulate emotions by pretending • Develop self-concept

  11. Challenges for parents • Parenting styles

  12. Baumrind’s 3 parenting styles • Authoritarian • Parent expects unquestioning obedience • Often in low income families • Children are often: • Obedient (but not happy), guilty, depressed, leave home before age 20 • Permissive • Never disciplines • Children are often: • Unhappy (lack self control), immature, continue living at home • Authoritative • Parent listens to child, sets limits, and enforces rules • Children are often: • Successful, articulate, happy, generous

  13. Neglectful/uninvolved parenting • Parents don’t care • Not quite the same as being permissive • Children are often: • Immature, sad, lonely • Social & cognitive problems

  14. Moral development • Empathy & Antipathy • Parental discipline • Physical punishment • Psychological control • Exclusion & conversation

  15. Moral emotions • Empathy • Leads to pro-social behavior • Helping others • Antipathy • Leads to antisocial behavior • Intentional desire to harm others

  16. Four types of aggression: • Instrumental aggression • Using aggression as an instrument to get something • Reactive aggression • Retaliation for an action • Relational aggression • Non-physical (verbal) • Destroys another’s self-esteem and social support system • Bullying • Done to dominate someone • Unprovoked, repeated physical or verbal attack • Generally on someone unlikely to defend themselves

  17. Parental discipline • Children gradually cometo understand things from another person’s point of view • Explanations and discussion after misbehavior help children learn • Children may disconnect a misdeed from the punishment • “Wait until your dad gets home!”

  18. Physical punishment (Spanking) • Increases obedience temporarily • Later negative effects • Increases possible later aggression • Increases resentment • Becomes less effective

  19. Psychological punishment (& control) • Guilt • Gratitude

  20. Exclusion & conversation • Time out (Exclusion) • One minute for each year of age • Only works if child wants to be with others • Conversation • Creates an internal standard of right and wrong

  21. Becoming boys and girls

  22. Sex and gender • Sex = Biological • Gender = Cultural • Based on sex roles

  23. Sex role development • Psychoanalytic • Behaviorism • Cognitive

  24. Psychoanalytic • Phallic stage • Penis becomes the focus • Oedipus Complex • Boy’s unconscious desire to replace dad for mother’s love • Electra Complex • Girl’s unconscious desire to replace mother for dad’s love • Wants to marry daddy • Both sexes cope with this by identifying with the same-sex parent and trying to become like them • Superego develops • Conscience • Based on parents’ moral standards

  25. Behaviorism • Operant conditioning • Gender-appropriate behaviors are rewarded (reinforced) • Social learning theory • Children internalize the roles they observe in others

  26. Cognitive theory • Focuses on children’s understanding • Gender schema • General beliefs about sex differences • Boys are like this • Girls are like this • Children then think and behave accordingly

More Related