1 / 24

The Impact of Epidemiology in Public Health

The Impact of Epidemiology in Public Health. Robert Hirokawa Epidemiologist, Science and Research Group HHI / TSP, Hawaii Department of Health. 3 Core Functions of Public Health. The Institutes  of Medicine (IOM) defines the three core functions of governmental public health as: Assessment

derekr
Télécharger la présentation

The Impact of Epidemiology in Public Health

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Impact of Epidemiology in Public Health Robert Hirokawa Epidemiologist, Science and Research Group HHI / TSP, Hawaii Department of Health

  2. 3 Core Functions of Public Health • The Institutes  of Medicine (IOM) defines the three core functions of governmental public health as: • Assessment • Policy development • Assurance

  3. 10 Essential Public Health Services • Monitor health status to identify community problems. • Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community. • Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues. • Mobilize community partnerships and action to identify and solve health problems. • Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts. • Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety. • Link people to needed personal health services and assure the provision of  health care when otherwise unavailable. • Assure a competent public health and personal health care workforce. • Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population- based health services. • Research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems.

  4. Epidemiology Defined • The study of distribution and determinants of health and disease in human populations

  5. 3 Essential Components of Epidemiology • Disease distribution • Disease determinants • Disease frequency • Expected levels • Endemic • Sporadic • Epidemic • Pandemic

  6. Types of Epidemiologic Studies • Descriptive • Analytic

  7. Descriptive Studies • Frequency of occurrence of a particular condition • Patterns of occurrence • Person • Place • Time

  8. Hawaii Obesity and Diabetes Trends 1. Percentage of Hawaii adults that are obese, BRFSS 1990 - 2006 2. Percentage of Hawaii adults who have been diagnosed with diabetes, BRFSS 1995 - 2006

  9. Hawaii crude adult obesity (BMI > 30) prevalence (%), BRFSS, 2005

  10. Hawaii crude adult obesity (BMI > 30) prevalence (%) by race/ethnicity, BRFSS, 2005

  11. Hawaii crude adult diabetes prevalence (%), BRFSS, 2005

  12. Hawaii crude adult diabetes prevalence (%) by race/ethnicity,BRFSS, 2005

  13. Analytic Studies • Observational Studies (exposure not controlled) • Case-control • Cohort • Experimental (exposure controlled)

  14. Case-Control Study (Observational Study) Exposure Disease ??? Group 1 has disease (Cases) ??? Group 2 disease free (Controls)

  15. Cohort Study (Observational Study) Exposure Disease Group 1 has exposure ??? Group 2 not exposed ???

  16. Experimental Study • Intervention Studies • Clinical Trial

  17. Basic Presentation of Results Lung Cancer? Smoke? Relative Risk = Probability of disease among those exposed divided by the probability of disease among those not exposed

  18. Basic Presentation of Results Lung Cancer? Smoke? RR = 40/100 divided by 10/100 = .4/.1 = 4

  19. Measurement Errors • Bias • Information • Selection • Confounding • Statistical Errors

  20. Cause – Effect Relationship • Strength of association • Consistency • Temporality • Biological plausibility • Gradient (dose – response)

  21. Measures of Disease Frequency • Prevalence Rate = # of existing cases / total population • Incidence Rate = # of new cases / total population at risk

  22. Commonly Used Rates • Crude • Category-specific • Age-adjusted

  23. Impact of Epidemiology in Public Health • Improved understanding of the distribution and determinants of health and disease in human populations • Used to drive program planning, resource allocation, interventions, and evaluation

  24. Thank you!

More Related