1. Residential Sprinklers:New York City History • Originated in 1940’s • Response to frequent rooming house fires • Fire traveled through open stair cases • Installed off of small diameter water mains • Fire alarms NOT required • Minimal sprinkler testing ONLY was required

2. Residential Sprinklers:New York City History • 1987: Local Law 16 • Required sprinkler installation in all substantially renovated hotel buildings • Prior to this—commercial buildings only

3. Residential Sprinklers:New York City History • December 1988  turning point in NYC • Brooklyn: 3 FDNY firefighters engulfed in fireball on 10th floor of apartment building • Fire sprinklers had not been inspected / tested and were shut off • Manhattan: 4 residents overcome by smoke from Christmas tree fire on 19th floor of residential building in celebrity’s apartment

4. Residential Sprinklers:New York City History • 1999 Local Law 10 passed in response • Automatic sprinklers required for all new and substantially renovated dwellings housing four / more families • Periodic inspections of the sprinkler systems reported to and filed with FDNY

5. Residential Sprinklers:New York City Costs • New construction buildings: • Low rise buildings (< 6 stories): $2 - $3/ ft2 • High rise buildings ($2.50 - $3) / ft2 • Old construction/retrofit • Low rise buildings (< 6 stories): $4.50 to $5 / ft2 • High rise buildings (>6 stories): $4 to $4.50 / ft2 • Less than the cost / ft2 of wall paper