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Chapter 51

Chapter 51. Animal Behavior Lab # 11 - Pillbugs. Chapter 51. Animal Behavior based on systems & processes Behavior : action carried out by muscles or glands under control of nervous system in response to stimulus * Important for repro, food, homeostasis. Chapter 51.

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Chapter 51

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  1. Chapter 51 Animal Behavior Lab # 11 - Pillbugs

  2. Chapter 51 • Animal Behavior based on systems & processes • Behavior: action carried out by muscles or glands under control of nervous system in response to stimulus • * Important for repro, food, homeostasis

  3. Chapter 51 • Ethology: Study of animal behavior • When studying animal behavior • there are 4 basic questions they ask •  broken down into 2… • 1. How do seasonal changes influence mating? • 2. Why do they mate during a season?

  4. Chapter 51 • (some) Types of Behavior: • * Fixed Action Pattern (linked to stimulus – once initiated carried to completion) • * Sign Stimulus (external cue – EX: red sticklebacks & their bellies) • * Kinesis (change in activity in response to stimulus) • * Taxis (oriented movement towards (+) or away (-) • * Migration (regular long distance change in location)

  5. Chapter 51 • Migration • * some track relative to sun (changes position) • * circadian clock (internal mechanism – 24 hr cycle) • * nocturnal use North Star (fixed point) • * Circannual rhythms (yearly cycle/seasons)

  6. Chapter 51 • Migration continued… • * Detect magnetic fields • Magnetite (iron mineral) in heads of fish/birds  earth’s pull triggers transmission of nerve impulses to brain • Guided by effects of earth’s magnetic field of photo receptors in visual system • “see magnetic field” or wavelengths of light

  7. Chapter 51 • Ex: Fiddler Crabs • Link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gwet0JLuqWY • Male fiddler crabs influenced by tides/timing of • lunar cycle. During greatest tide movements b/c it drags out larvae to safety

  8. Chapter 51 • Communication (vocal/chemical – pheromones) • Fly EX: • 3 parts  orienting, tapping, singing • European honeybees move in certain way (dance) on return for the follower bees. Depending on how they dance & angle of dance will instruct followers of the correct angle to fly to find food • Video link: Waggle Dance - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-7ijI-g4jHg

  9. Chapter 51 • Vocab terms from Chapter: • * innate (fixed during development) • * learning (modification of behavior based on experiences) • * habituation (loss of responsiveness – little boy/wolf) • * imprinting ( period where things can be learned) • * spatial learning (memory based on environments structure)

  10. Chapter 51 – Vocab continued… • * associative learning (associate cues – color/taste) • * classical conditioning (stimulus w/ outcome – Pavlov) • * operant conditioning (trail/error – reward/punishment) • * cognition (process of knowing represented by awareness, reasoning, judgment) • * altruism (selflessness – warning call)

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