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Other Invasive Insects

Other Invasive Insects. Or What Else do I Need to Worry About?. Most insects are beneficial. pollinators. predators and parasites. food!. detritivores. Native vs. Invasive. Trees have some resistance Predators and parasites Populations often cycle Example: spruce budworm.

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Other Invasive Insects

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  1. Other Invasive Insects Or What Else do I Need to Worry About?

  2. Most insects are beneficial pollinators predators and parasites food! detritivores

  3. Native vs. Invasive • Trees have some resistance • Predators and parasites • Populations often cycle • Example: spruce budworm • Trees often have no resistance • Few or no effective natural enemies • Populations keep on rising

  4. Reasons why you are glad you live Downeast

  5. Browntail Moth

  6. Winter Moth Pupates in soil May-Nov

  7. Hemlock ~1/8” discrete white woolly masses Undersides of twigs Base of needle Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Photo: Maine Forest Service Photos: USFS

  8. Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Forest:Alfred, Arundel, Berwick, Biddeford, Kennebunk, Old Orchard Beach and Topsham (detection survey); Scarborough (trained volunteer). Planted (EHS+HWA): Mount Desert, Sedgewick

  9. HWA Crawlers, Crawlers, Everywhere! April - July • Abundant • Very Mobile • Nearly Invisible

  10. Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (HWA) • Chemical treatment – when high risk of human spread • Biocontrol – best long-term solution. In areas protected from development. • Outreach and public education.

  11. Maine Dept. Ag. Elongate Hemlock Scale • First detected in ME in 2009 • Not quarantined – depend on public reporting • Attacks fir and spruce as well • Chemical control on planted trees to reduce spread to native forest

  12. Two Invasives of Concern(not found here yet)

  13. Brown Spruce Longhorned Beetle Photo: Georgette Smith, bugwood.org Longhorned beetle (Cerambycid)

  14. New Find 2011

  15. Maine Hosts: Spruce (fir, larch, pines) Photos: Maine Forest Service, Forest Policy and Management

  16. Recognizing BSLB Resin Covered Trunks Round to D-shaped 1/8” exit holes Yellowing Foliage Photos: CFIA (left), Jon Sweeney, bugwood.org (middle and right)

  17. Recognizing BSLB L-Shaped Pupal Chamber Larval Feeding Tunnels Photos: Georgette Smith, bugwood.org

  18. Spruce Beetle Native pest Pitch tubes (not always) Round exit holes (smaller) Recognizing (what is not) BSLB

  19. Questions? Photo: Jon Sweeney, Natural Resources Canada, Bugwood.org

  20. Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) Bright metallic green -½ inch long Pest and Diseases Image Library, Bugwood.org

  21. Emerald Ash Borer • long and narrow • likely to be found near ash trees • Tiger Beetle • broader • definite ‘shoulders’ • often flies near ground(very fast)

  22. Will our cold winters protect us from EAB?

  23. Maine Hosts: White, Green, Brown Ash White Green White Green Brown Brown Photos: Maine Forest Service, Forest Policy and Management

  24. Troy Kimoto, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Bugwood.org Crown Decline (top down)

  25. Epicormic Shoots

  26. S-shaped Galleries

  27. D-shaped exit holes Photo: University of Wisconsin Entomology

  28. Michigan Department of Agriculture, Bugwood.org Bark Splitting

  29. David Cappaert, Michigan State University, Bugwood.org Jim Tresouthick, Village of Homewood, Bugwood.org Recognizing EAB USDA Forest Service - Region 8 Archive, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org

  30. Impact • Hosts • Attacks all species of North American ash • Kills all of the trees it attacks • Has killed 10’s of millions of trees since 2002 • Has the potential to wipe out ashin NA Photo: Maine Department of Agriculture

  31. Killed tens of millions of trees since 2002 Spread to 18 states and 2 provinces No effective natural enemies (yet) Little or no tree resistance The Enemy Emerald Ash Borer One of the biggest problems… No good method of monitoring for EAB

  32. So How Do We Monitor For EAB? Purple Traps Trap Trees Public Education Biosurveillance

  33. Purple Sticky Traps -Least sensitive -Most user friendly -Cheapest 2012 – 965 traps 2013 – 852 traps

  34. Trap trees-fairly sensitive-lots of work!

  35. Volunteer trap-tree network 2013 – hope to involve state parks and MFS foresters

  36. Biosurveillance

  37. Cerceris fumipennis Family: Crabronidae(hunting wasps) • -Native wasp • Solitary ground-nester (in colonies) • Non-stinging • Provisions its nest with adult buprestids (metallic wood-boring beetles) • Is capable of finding EAB at low levels • BIOSURVEILLANCE

  38. Wasp colonies used for biosurveillance Colonies not used

  39. If we find an EAB infestation early… • Smaller area infested, fewer beetles present • Much lower chance of inadvertent spread • Smaller quarantine • We have more management options • Management is much more effective

  40. We found EAB!Now what??? • Delimiting survey (monitoring) • SLAM: SLow Ash Mortality (management of EAB) • Biological control • Pesticide options

  41. 3 Parasitic Wasps Spathius Tetrastichus Oobius

  42. SLow Ash Mortality • Delimiting survey • Remove large trees in infested area • Girdle trees to concentrate & remove EAB • Can concentrate and reduce EAB popluation

  43. Firewood

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