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Transversity 2014, 9-13 June , 2014, Chia, Cagliari

DVCS and exclusive channels. Nicole d’Hose, Irfu , CEA S aclay. Transversity 2014, 9-13 June , 2014, Chia, Cagliari. From PDFs to TMDs and GPDs. PDF ( x ). PDF measured in Deep Inelastic Scattering. ℓ p  ℓ ’ X. From PDFs to TMDs and GPDs.

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Transversity 2014, 9-13 June , 2014, Chia, Cagliari

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  1. DVCS and exclusive channels Nicole d’Hose, Irfu, CEA Saclay Transversity 2014, 9-13 June, 2014, Chia, Cagliari

  2. FromPDFs to TMDs and GPDs PDF(x) PDF measured in DeepInelasticScattering ℓp  ℓ’X

  3. FromPDFs to TMDs and GPDs 3-dimensional nucleon structure in momentum and configuration space: • GPD(x, b) : • GeneralisedParton Distribution • (position in the transverse plane) • TMD (x, k) : • Transverse Momentum Distribution • (momentumin the transv. plane) TMD accessible in SIDIS and DY GPD in Exclusive reactions DVCS and HEMP

  4. Exclusive reactions: DVCS and HEMP ℓ’ DVCS: ℓp ℓ’ p’  (golden channel) HEMP: ℓp ℓ’ p’  or  or J/,… ℓ Q²,xB • * •  or , , J/,… GPDs D. Mueller et al, Fortsch. Phys. 42 (1994) X.D. Ji, PRL 78 (1997), PRD 55 (1997) A. V. Radyushkin, PLB 385 (1996), PRD 56 (1997)

  5. γ* Q2 γ x +ξ x -ξ GPDs p p’ t Q2 meson Q2 γ* • γ* L L L hard x +ξ x -ξ x -ξ x +ξ soft GPDs GPDs p p’ p p’ t Gluon contribution Exclusive reactions: DVCS and HEMP Q2 DeeplyVirtual Compton Scattering (DVCS): Factorisation: Collins et al. γ* γ hard x +ξ x -ξ soft GPDs Q2 large t << Q2 + γ* p p’ p’ t Hard Exclusive Meson Production (HEMP): meson L Mesonw.f. Large power & NLO Very slow scaling t Quark contribution

  6. 8 GPDs 8 TMDs Model dependent relations 4 Chiral-even H q or f1 q q • *Lp 0LpL=0 - E  p p E  f1T Sivers:quark kT &nucleontransv. Spin ‘’Elusive’’ t • *Lp 0Lp L=1 Ji: 2Jq=  x (Hq(x,ξ,0) +Eq(x,ξ,0) ) dx Relation to OAM + theirpartner for polarised quarks ~ • H  q or g1L • Eg1T ~

  7. 8 GPDs 8 TMDs Model dependent relations 2 of the 4 Chiral-even H q or f1 • *Lp 0LpL=0 -  E  f1T Sivers:quark kT &nucleontransv. Spin ‘’Elusive’’ • *Lp 0Lp L=1 Ji: 2Jq=  x (Hq(x,ξ,0) +Eq(x,ξ,0) ) dx - 2 of the 4 Chiral-odd HT h1 Transversity: quark spin & nucleontransv. spin • *T p 0Lp L=0 ~ -  2HT + ET h1 Boer-Mulders: quark kT & quark transverse spin ET = • *Tp 0LpL=1

  8. γ* γ Q2 hard x +ξ x -ξ soft GPDs p p’ t Compton FormFactors are measured in DVCS The amplitude DVCS at LT & LO in S: Real part Imaginary part t, ξ~xBj/2fixed Im part measured in Beam Spin orTarget Spin asymmetries q(x) DGLAP DGLAP Real part measured in Beam Charge asymmetry or cross section ERBL

  9. γ* γ Q2 hard x +ξ x -ξ soft GPDs p p’ t =Δ2 Compton FormFactors (CFF) are measured in DVCS The amplitude DVCS at LT & LO in S: Real part Imaginary part t, ξ~xBj/2fixed Im part measured in Beam Spin orTarget Spin asymmetries  ReH(,t) = PdxImH(x,t) + D (t) x- Real part measured in Beam Charge asymmetry or cross section D termrelated to the Energy-MomentumTensor : Polyakov, PLB 555 (2003) 57-62

  10. DVCS (golden channel) CFF GPD H (E) Exclusive Single Photon production ℓp ℓ’ p’  BH DVCS ℓ ℓ   GPD slow p p slow p p small t small t d  |TBH|2 + Im(TDVCS) TBH + Re(TDVCS) TBH + |TDVCS|2 Known to 1 % Linearcombination of GPDsbilinearcombination of GPDs

  11. DVCS (golden channel) CFF GPD H (E) Exclusive Single Photon production ℓp ℓ’ p’  BH DVCS ℓ ℓ   GPD slow p p slow p p small t small t d  |TBH|2 + Im(TDVCS) TBH + Re(TDVCS) TBH + |TDVCS|2 Known to 1 % Linearcombination of GPDsbilinearcombination of GPDs { • Beam Charge Asym on proton • ACcos=Re(F1H +(F1+ F2)H  t/4m2F2E )) Re (F1H) • Beam Spin Asym on proton • ALUsin= Im (F1H +(F1+ F2)H t/4m2F2E )) Im (F1H) smallxB ~ ~

  12. DVCS (golden channel) CFF GPD H (E) Exclusive Single Photon production ℓp ℓ’ p’  BH DVCS ℓ ℓ   GPD slow p p slow p p small t small t d  |TBH|2 + Im(TDVCS) TBH + Re(TDVCS) TBH + |TDVCS|2 Known to 1 % Linearcombination of GPDsbilinearcombination of GPDs { • Beam Charge Asym on proton • ACcos=Re(F1H +(F1+ F2)H  t/4m2F2E )) Re (F1H) • Beam Spin Asym on proton • ALUsin= Im (F1H +(F1+ F2)H t/4m2F2E )) Im (F1H) • BSA on neutron ALUsin  Im (F1nH- F2nE) • Target Spin Asym on proton • AUTsin(-s) cos Im (F2H  F1E ) smallxB ~ ~ {

  13. HEMP  (MFF)2filterof GPDs and flavors Hard Exclusive Meson Production (HEMP): Vectormeson production (ρ,ω,, J/…) H & E Pseudo-scalar production (π,η…)  H & E ~ ~ Hρ0 = 1/2 (2/3 Hu + 1/3 Hd + 3/8 Hg) Hω= 1/2 (2/3 Hu – 1/3 Hd + 1/8 Hg) H = -1/3 Hs - 1/8 Hg Ration /ρ= 2/9 in the gluon sector

  14. The idealexperiment High beamenergy ensure hard regime and large kinematicdomain polarizedbeam availability of positive andnegativeleptons variable energy for: L/T separation for pseudo scalarprod  separationfor DVCS2 and Interf DVCS H2, D2, Long. Pol., Transv. Pol. Target High luminosity small cross section fullydifferentialanalysis (xB, Q2, t, ) Hermetic detectors ensureexclusivity but does not exist (yet)

  15. The past and future experiments Collider mode e-p forwardfast proton HERA till 2007 Polarised 27 GeV e-/e+ Unpolarised 920 GeV p  Full event reconstruction

  16. The past and future experiments Collider mode e-p forwardfast proton HERA till 2007 Polarised 27 GeV e-/e+ Unpolarised 920 GeV p  Full event reconstruction Fixedtarget mode slow recoil proton Polarised 27 GeV e-/e+ Long, Trans polarised p, d target Missing mass technique 2006-07 withrecoil detector

  17. The past and future experiments Collider mode e-p forwardfast proton HERA till 2007 Polarised 27 GeV e-/e+ Unpolarised 920 GeV p  Full event reconstruction CEBAF at JLab HallA Fixedtarget mode slow recoil proton Polarised 27 GeV e-/e+ Long, Trans polarised p, d target Missing mass technique 2006-07 withrecoil detector High lumi, highly polar. 6 & 12 GeV e- Long, (Trans) polarised p, d target Missing mass technique CLAS HallACLAS Spectrometer large acceptancedet

  18. The past and future experiments Collider mode e-p forwardfast proton HERA till 2007 Polarised 27 GeV e-/e+ Unpolarised 920 GeV p  Full event reconstruction CEBAF at JLab HallA Fixedtarget mode slow recoil proton Polarised 27 GeV e-/e+ Long, Trans polarised p, d target Missing mass technique 2006-07 withrecoil detector High lumi, highly polar. 6 & 12 GeV e- Long, (Trans) polarised p, d target Missing mass technique CLAS LHC COMPASS Highlypolarised160 GeV+/- p target, (Trans) polarisedtarget withrecoildetection SPS

  19. High BeamEnergy xB  BH  Example at Eℓ=160 GeV xB=0.01 xB=0.04 xB=0.1 BH dominates Reference yield DVCS dominates Study of d/dt Access to DVCS ampl. Via interference Eℓ BH  Jlab HERMES, H1 COMPASS Only for high energy H1 & ZEUS COMPASS

  20. Exclusivity: ep e +  + p Collider mode e-p forwardfast proton e’ Outgoing proton escapes through the beam pipe Tagged in forward proton spectrometer p’ Interferencetermintegrated over   pure DVCS cross section

  21. Exclusivity: ep e +  + p Collider mode e-p forwardfast proton e’ Outgoing proton escapes through the beam pipe Tagged in forward proton spectrometer p’ Interferencetermintegrated over   pure DVCS cross section

  22. Exclusivity: ep e +  + p Fixedtarget mode slow recoil proton withoutrecoil detector ℓp ℓ’+ (+p’) • ℓp ℓ’+ (++) • ℓp ℓ’+ (+  + p’+…) from0decay…

  23. Exclusivity: ep e +  + p Fixedtarget mode slow recoil proton withoutrecoil detector ℓp ℓ’+ (+p’) • ℓp ℓ’+ (++) • ℓp ℓ’+ (+  + p’+…) from0decay… ep e +  (+ p +…) ep e +  (+ p in acceptance+…) ep e +  + p withrecoil detector

  24. Exclusivity: ep e +  + p Fixedtarget mode slow recoil proton withoutrecoildtector ℓp ℓ’+ (+p’) HallA • ℓp ℓ’+ (++) • ℓp ℓ’+ (+  + p’+…) from0decay…

  25. SelectedResults(and perspectives) • Cross sections measurements: DVCS and mesons • Study of the GPD H with DVCS on proton • Beam Spin Asym: HallA – CLAS - HERMES • Beam Charge Asym: HERMES – H1 – (COMPASS) • Cross section diff and sum: HallA – CLAS – (COMPASS) • Study of the GPD H • Long. Pol. Target Asym or cross section • Hunting the GPD E • Beam Spin cross section on the neutron – HallA – (Jlab) • Transv. Pol. Target Asym on the proton - HERMES - (JLab) ~  3D proton imaging from gluon to quark  ‘Holygrail’ for OAM

  26. DVCS Results Published Data for DVCS Since 2 PRL in 2001 Gluons sea valence quarks

  27. Meson and photon Cross sections

  28. g g IP ‘soft’ ‘hard’ Meson and photon Cross sections Are we in the hard regime ? •  increases from soft (~0.2) to hard (~0.8) • ‘soft Pomeron’ xg(x,Q2)2 • b decreases from soft (~10 GeV-2)to hard (~5 GeV-2)

  29. Cross sections and W dependence Photoproduction  SOFT HARD

  30. Cross sections and W dependence Q2=0.05 GeV2 J/  J/

  31. Cross sections and W dependence DVCS DVCS

  32. Cross sections and t dependence sensitivity to the nucleon transverse size + to the meson transverse size J/ and DVCS in the hard regime at small Q2

  33. Cross sections and t dependence Interplaybetween the W and t dependence • J/ production: • ’= 0.13  0.03GeV-2 • at Q2=0.05 GeV2 • ’= 0.05  0.05GeV-2 • at Q2=10 GeV2 • Soft pomeron • ’= 0.25 GeV-2 J/ J/

  34. Cross sections and t dependence Almost no evolution as a function of W B= 5.45  0.19  0.34 GeV2 at <Q2> = 8 GeV2 and <x> = 1.2 10-3 = 0.65  0.02 fm < r2 (xB) >  2 B(xB)

  35. Cross sections and t dependence Gluon and sea quark imaging J/slope DVCS HERA as soft Pomeron and gluons in 2 weeks in 2012 with40 weeks in 2016-17 1rst bar= stat. error; 2nd = stat + syst. errors DVCS Prediction at COMPASS For 2 years 2016-17 r < r2 (xB) >  2 B(xB) 0.01 0.1 ? x 1/3 1. 0.5 1 0.65 0.02 fm H1 PLB659(2008) COMPASS xB

  36. Predictions for DVCS from KM model KM10: Kumericki and Mueller NPB (2010) 841; arXiv:0904.0458 one of the mostgeneralparameterization of GPDsbased on theirmathematicproperties fit to the DVCS data and DIS

  37. Predictions for mesonsfrom GK model GK model for GPDs ( determined for mesons) including dominant (longitudinal) L* p  Lp andtransv. polar. T* p  Tp quark and gluon contributions and beyongleading twist LO LO ZEUS H1 ZEUS H1

  38. DVCS interference on the proton  ImDVCS with BSA or Beam Spin difference  ReDVCS with BCA or Beam Charge difference  mainlyconstrains on the GPD H

  39. First DVCS interference signal BSA asymmetries – PRL87 (2001) ALU Validate the dominance of the handag contribution (Fit and VGG model)

  40. Beam Spin Sum and Diff of DVCS - HallA E00-110 pioneerexperimentwithmagneticspectrometer 3 measurements: xB=0.36 Q2= 1.5, 1.9, 2.3 GeV2 e p  e  p Data: Munoz et al. PRL97, 262002 (2006) Model: Kroll, Moutarde, Sabatié, EPJC73 (2013) withGPDsfrom GK model xB=0.36 Q2= 2.3 GeV2 News: - Re-analysis of the data (MC, RC, normalisation/DIS) - 2010: run E07-007 Rosenbluth-like DVCS2/Int sparation - 2014: HallAwith 11 GeV - 2018: HallCwith 11 GeV Beam Spin difference Beam Spin Sum = Total cross section Do weunderstand Hall A data?

  41. Beam Spin Sum and Diff of DVCS - HallA Do weunderstand Hall A data? Data: Munoz et al. PRL97, 262002 (2006) Model: Braun, Manashov, Pirnay, Mueller PRD79 (2014) GK12 model evaluated with KM and BMP prescription including kinematic corrections (finite-t, target mass corr.) Beam Spin Sum = Total cross section Beam Spin difference

  42. Beam Spin Sum and Diff of DVCS - future withmagneticspectrometer + Calorimeter Need a new challenging Calo ~ 2018 First runafter the 12GeV upgrade Now 2014

  43. BSA in a large kinematicdomain - CLAS Part 1 of the E01-113 or e1-DVCS exp • e p  e  p CLAS+ InnerCalorimter Solenoidmagnet No simple interpretation of  Data: Girod et al. PRL100, 162002 (2008)

  44. Cross section analysis - CLAS Difficulty of the task • 4 bins in Q2(x) • vs 3 bins in t

  45. Beam Spin Diff- CLAS (without Hall A) 0.15 0.26 0.45 |t| (GeV2) 1.27 1.63 1.80 2.58 Q2(GeV2) 0.15 0.18 0.24 0.30 xB

  46. Beam Spin Sum- CLAS (without Hall A) 0.15 0.26 0.45 |t| (GeV2) 1.27 1.63 1.80 2.58 Q2(GeV2) 0.15 0.18 0.24 0.30 xB

  47. Future with CLAS12 • E12-06-119 LH2Target and Long. Pol. Target in 2016

  48. BSA and BCA with HERMES Last analyses with the complete set of data including 2006-07 Combinedanalysis of charge and polarisation observables to separateinterferenceterm and DVCS2 contributions

  49. BSA with HERMES Complete data set including 2006-07 (without Hall A) sin  term ImF1 H sin term from DVCS2 sin 2 term higher twist resonant fraction ep e+ KM: GHL11: flexible parameterization

  50. BSA withrecoil detector with HERMES data set 2006-07 ep e +  ( + p +…) High-purityeventselection shows thatthereisonly asmall influence on the extracted BSA amplitude fromeventsinvolving a  particle (associated DVCS) The leadingasymmetry has increased by 0.054  0.016 Mainly dilution due to the associated DVCS p in accepta ep e +  + p

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