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Digital Divide. Use of computers in the developing world.

The digital divide remains a critical issue in the developing world, affecting internet access and computer use. Those without connectivity face disadvantages, including limited market access and reduced information access, frequently amplifying poverty and marginalization. Mobile technology has emerged as a transformative force, providing timely information and reducing costs for rural communities. Projects like "One Laptop per Child" aim to bridge this gap by equipping youth with necessary technology, enhancing educational opportunities and promoting digital literacy.

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Digital Divide. Use of computers in the developing world.

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  1. Digital Divide. Use of computers in the developing world. UC Santa Cruz CMPS 10 – Introduction to Computer Science www.soe.ucsc.edu/classes/cmps010/Spring11 ejw@cs.ucsc.edu 1 June 2011

  2. Final Exam • Tuesday, June 7, 9am • Note that registrar’s exam start time is 8am • We will not need 3 full hours for the exam • So, start at 9am instead • Exam review session • Friday, June 3, 7pm • Jack’s Lounge, Baskin Engineering Building • Enter through main doors from street side. • Go to coffee cart, turn left • Walk about 75 feet. • Jack’s Lounge is in to the left. A large space with whiteboards, tables, etc.

  3. Final Exam format • Will cover material from entire quarter • Expect to see questions similar to those from first two midterm exams • Test will be about 50% longer than the typical midterm exam • Exam study questions include all of the study questions from the first two midterms • Additional study questions for material since midterm #2 will be given in class on Friday

  4. Importance of Internet access • Increasingly, access to marketplaces and government services is dependent on being connected to the Internet • As a consequence, those people who are not connected to the Internet are at a disadvantage • Limited access to markets, and hence at mercy of local buyers and sellers of goods • Limited access to information, hence reduced ability to make informed decisions and/or to know about relevant services • Typically, those who are not connected are already poor and societally marginalized • Lack of connectivity can reinforce these trends Rural internet kiosk in Kenyacomminit.com/?q=africa/node/310514

  5. Digital Divide • Digital Divide • As a general term, is used in many different contexts to refer to differences in adoption and use of the Internet between various groups • So, for example, one can talk about the digital divide between various groups in the United States (rich vs poor, white vs minority, etc.) • Global Digital Divide • Used to describe the difference in use of information technology between different regions of the world

  6. Global Digital Divide circa 2006 Source: Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Global_Digital_Divide1.png

  7. Estimated Internet Users Source: http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/dtlstict2011d3_en.pdf

  8. Estimated Internet Users by Continent Source: http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/dtlstict2011d3_en.pdf

  9. Global Digital ICT Use Source: http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/dtlstict2011d3_en.pdf

  10. ICT Use, Developed vs Developing Countries www.unctad.org/en/docs/dtlstict2011d3_en.pdf

  11. Fixed vs Mobile High Speed Internet More people worldwide receive internet service via mobile connections, than via fixed connections. This trend is accelerating. www.unctad.org/en/docs/dtlstict2011d3_en.pdf

  12. Impacts of mobile telephony in Africa • In Ghana, farmers in Tamale can find out prices of corn and tomatoes in Accra, over 400 kilometers away. • In Niger an average trip to a market located 65 kilometers away can take 2–4 hours roundtrip, as compared to a two-minute call • The call represents a 50% cost savings • Mobile phones allow information to be obtained immediately, instead of waiting for weekly newspapers or broadcasts • In Niger, day laborers can call acquaintances in Benin about job opportunities to see if it worthwhile to make the US $40 trip there to seek work. • Mobile phones reduce costs of seeking labor • Source: Mobile Phones and Economic Development in Africa, Jenny C. Aker, Isaac M. Mbiti, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol.. 24, No. 3, Summer 2010, pages 207-232, http://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/pdf/10.1257/jep.24.3.207

  13. Projects to improve ICT access • One laptop per child • Ambitious effort to get laptop computers into the hands of children • Similar to goals of Scratch, to broadly introduce people to computational thinking • Drishtee • India based company that provides Internet access and classes to remote villages

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