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Sampling and Inspecting Grain

Sampling and Inspecting Grain. Lectures 25. Official US Standards for Grain. 1968; USDA-FGIS 1974 GIPSA http://www.usda.gov/gipsa 3 million inspection/year by > 1000 fed. Inspectors in 25 states. Physical and biological properties of grain; ensure proper marketing of grains.

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Sampling and Inspecting Grain

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  1. Sampling and Inspecting Grain Lectures 25

  2. Official US Standards for Grain • 1968; USDA-FGIS 1974 • GIPSA • http://www.usda.gov/gipsa • 3 million inspection/year by > 1000 fed. Inspectors in 25 states. • Physical and biological properties of grain; ensure proper marketing of grains. • Grain inspection requires proper sampling procedures. • Representative sample. • Domestic grain vs export grain.

  3. Elevators Primary sampler Secondary sampler Collection box Traverses once/3 min for 4000 bu/hr Objectionable odors, infestation, uniformity

  4. Pelican Sampler • One cut/500 bu. of falling stream. • Hopper car - 2 cuts per compartment • Box car – 4 cuts • Truck – 2 cuts • Barge/ship 1 cut/500 bu.

  5. Ellis Cup • One scoop /500 bu.; 3 such scoops make a set (Representative sample). • Hopper car - 2 sets/compartment • Box car - 4 sets • Truck - 2 sets • Barge/ship 1 set/500 bushels

  6. Trier Length for Different Carriers

  7. Used to sample grain at rest. • Need canvas or bags to carry samples. • More probe samples can be taken by sampler if needed.

  8. 1 trier/compartment

  9. Same as trier samples for trucks More dust than trier samples

  10. Performance and Accuracy • Diverter-type samplers – most accurate • Woodside type and Ellis cup have same accuracy, except in soybeans. • Pelican similar to diverter-type samplers (operator error) • Trier sampling of hopper cars, etc. affected by variability within the grain mass

  11. Inspection and Grading • Condition factors • Grade-determining factors • Non-grade determining factors

  12. Condition Factors • Heating • Odor (sour, musty, commercially objectionable foreign odors)

  13. Infestation • Special grade factors (smutty, garlicky) • Distinctly low quality (toxic seeds) Unacceptable levels of any of these factors makes Grain a Sample Grade or it will be assigned a special grade

  14. Grade Determining Factors • Test wt. • Foreign material • Damaged kernels • Other classes

  15. Non-Grade Determining Factors • Moisture • Dockage • Small grains • Protein in wheat and soybeans • Oil in soybeans and sunflower seeds • Aflatoxin in corn

  16. Sample • Work sample • File sample • Moisture sample

  17. Inspection Tools

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