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The Central Asian Nations

The Central Asian Nations. Chapter 22 Section 2. The Stans. The five nations that make up the lands between the Caspian Sea and the western border of China are Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan.

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The Central Asian Nations

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  1. The Central Asian Nations Chapter 22 Section 2

  2. The Stans • The five nations that make up the lands between the Caspian Sea and the western border of China are Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. • These nations have the syllable “stan” because it means “the land of.” While the first part of their name represents the largest ethnic group in the country. • This is deceptive as all of the countries have a sizable minority of Russians from the collective farm programs of the Soviet Union.

  3. Physical Characteristics • Climate • All of these countries share a similar climate, where it arid or semiarid • Two of the largest deserts in Asia are: • Kara Kum in Turkmenistan • KyzylKum in Uzbekistan • Natural Resources • Northern Kazakhstan has the rich topsoil known as chernozem. • Agriculture is widespread as well as large reserves of oil and natural gas.

  4. People and Cultures • All these countries are home to a mixture of peoples. • For example, Uzbeks make up almost a fourth of the population of Tajikistan. • Russians and Ukranians make up a rather large ethnic minority in most of these countries. • Four major languages. • Kazakhs, Turkmen, Uzbeks and Kyrgyz speak related Turkic languages. Tajiks speak a language related to Farsi, the language of Iran. • Islamic Religion • Soviet union outlawed it while it was in power.

  5. Economic Activities • Traditionally the people of Central Asia have been nomadic herders. • Under the Soviet Union. • The nomadic peoples were forced to work on massive farms and the Soviet Union encouraged development in the cities of Central Asia. • Since Independence. • Industrialization continued after the fall of the Soviet Union. • 60 percent of the population of Kazakhstan now live in cities. • Tourism • One of the attractions of the area is the Silk Road where the mystique of the trip is recreated for tourists who travel it.

  6. Environmental Change • The Aral Sea is a prime example of harsh change for the environment in Central Asia. • Irrigation and Desertification • Irrigation systems devastated the Aral Sea region, making the sea shrink and become saltier. • The fishing industry of the Aral Sea died out because of this. • Although the countries around the Aral Sea have tried to reverse the state of the Aral Sea, scientists believe that it is too late. • Experts predict that the Aral Sea will disappear by the year 2030. • Pollution • Pesticides and fertilizers have contaminated and soil and running water. • The drive to develop oil, natural gas, and mineral resources also stresses the environment.

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