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Chapter Twelve. The Nature of Distribution. Objectives. Explain general purpose of distribution Show distribution system’s contributions Understand pervasive nature of distribution Describe channel intermediary functions Identify different channel of distribution configurations
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Chapter Twelve The Nature of Distribution
Objectives • Explain general purpose of distribution • Show distribution system’s contributions • Understand pervasive nature of distribution • Describe channel intermediary functions • Identify different channel of distribution configurations • Introduce vertical marketing systems • Describe aspects of channel relations • Explore legal and ethical aspects of distribution channels
Distribution’s Function • The major purpose of marketing is to satisfy human needs by delivering products of various types to buyers when and where they want them and at a reasonable cost. • The “when and where” is the function of Distribution
PRODUCER CONSUMER DISTRIBUTION Distribution
INTERMEDIARIES CONSUMER Channel of Distribution • All intermediaries involved in the exchange process • Excludes pre-manufacturing (raw materials or component parts) • Facilitate movement of physical goods and title PRODUCER
Physical distribution Communication & transaction Facilitating Channel Functions
Physical Distribution Functions Accumulating bulk Creating assortments Breaking bulk Reducing transactions Transporting & storing
Gather & Disseminate Information 9 3 1 2 1 37 57 24 Buying & Selling Transfer of Ownership Communication & Transaction Functions Personal Selling Advertising Sales Promotion
Extra Services Credit Services Risk Taking Facilitating Functions
ANUFACTURER ONSUMER GENT ETAILER HOLESALER Typical Channels of Distribution
Direct Wholesaler Agent Business-to-Business Channels
Disintermediation Infomediaries & Vertical Exchange Business-to-Business Channel Trends
Vertical Marketing Systems • Corporate systems - total ownership • Contractual - legal relationships • Administered - strong leadership
Planning the Channel of Distribution • Determining the structure • Marketing mix strategy • Organizational resources • External environmental factors • Market characteristics • Consumer preferences and behavior • The nature and availability of Intermediaries • Other environmental factors
Retailer Retailer Retailer Retailer Retailer Retailer Retailer Retailer Retailer Retailer Retailer Retailer Retailer Retailer Retailer Intensive Distribution Producer Seeks to obtain maximum product exposure at the retail level
Retailer Retailer Retailer Retailer Retailer Retailer Selective Distribution Producer Product is sold in a limited number of outlets
Retailer Exclusive Distribution Producer Product is sold in only one outlet in a given area
Conflict • Power • Coercive • Expert • Legitimate Channel Relationships • Cooperation
Reverse distribution One Coca Cola Distributor Difficult • Ethical, Political, & Legal OK One thousand retailers Other Distribution Management Issues
Review • Explain general purpose of distribution • Show distribution system’s contributions • Understand pervasive nature of distribution • Describe channel intermediary functions • Identify different channel of distribution configurations • Introduce vertical marketing systems • Describe aspects of channel relations • Explore legal and ethical aspects of distribution channels