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Measurement of High-Growth Enterprises in the Polish Manufacturing Sector

This workshop at the OECD focuses on the trends and roles of high-growth firms in the Polish manufacturing sector from 1996 to 2006. The research project explores the international context of growth, inward FDI, and export sales, and provides policy recommendations based on the data analysis. The workshop discusses methodological issues and practical considerations related to the use of the gazelle concept.

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Measurement of High-Growth Enterprises in the Polish Manufacturing Sector

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  1. OECD WORKSHOP ON THE MEASUREMENT OF THE HIGH-GROWTH ENTERPRISESParis, 19 November 2007 General Trends and Roles of High-Growth Firms in the Polish Manufacturing Sector 1996 – 2006 Jerzy Cieślik Leon Kozminski Academy of Entrepreneurship and Management, Warsaw, Poland

  2. Background of the Research Project • Experiences with entrepreneurship education programs • Apparent confusion regarding entrepreneurship and SMEs in policymaking, research and education • Focus on international context of growth • Inward FDI • Export sales • Parallel research project on internationalization of Polish firms • Making policy recommendations • Project started in 2007 - initial results available so far

  3. Data Source and Initial Data Set Format • Central Statistical Office of Poland - Micro data from the Annual Enterprise Survey • Included companies which submitted data for 2006 Survey • Operating within the manufacturing sector • 10 or more persons employed • With full accounting system • 15 096 firms in the core data set • Data on employment, total sales and export sales of the 15 096 companies derived prom the previous Surveys 1996 – 2005 • Complete set of data 1996-2006 available for 5599 firms • Data on export sales available from 2002 onwards

  4. Methodology • Basically we follow new OECD conventions and definitions • Distinction between current (HGC) and historic high growth (HGH) • HGC when X 2006/ X2003 > 1.728 • HGH when Xn/Xn-3 > 1.728 for at least one out of seven historic observation periodsending 1999 - 2005 • Export sales added as the third growth measurement variable in addition to employment and total sales • Domestic firms and foreign subsidiaries categorized separately • Impact of HG firms measured by their contribution to employment, total sales and export salesin the manufacturing sector in 2006 • Initial results: Some key conclusions

  5. 1. High-growth firms matter

  6. 2. Foreign subsidiaries lead the high-growth segment

  7. 3. Export sales drive growth

  8. 4. Past high growth record matters

  9. Some methodological an practical issues relating to the use of gazelle concept • turbulent formation period • achieving initial stability – „business platform” • apparent confusion as the term gazelle often used as an alternative expression for high-growth firms • risk of exclusion of „promising” high-growth firms

  10. Concluding remarks • OECD initiative to elaborate unified definitions and conventions on high-growth firms crucial for: • Comparative research • Policy recommendations • Various support measures – injecting „growth hormones” to the nascent and existing firms, e.g. through specialized training • Diversity of analitical directions due to national conditions and priorities • Need for a list of indicative international priorities – topics to be addressed first

  11. Questions and Comments

  12. Contact Prof. Jerzy Cieslik Leon Kozminski Academy of Entrepreneurship and Management Jagiellonska 59 03-301 Warsaw, Poland Tel +48 502 030 030 E-mail: jerzy@cieslik.edu.pl www.cieslik.edu.pl

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