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Pacific Rim Countries

Chapter 34. Pacific Rim Countries. Pacific Rim Timeline. East Asia in the Postwar Settlements. Korea divided Russian, American zone Taiwan Chinese occupation Chiang Kai-shek Reoccupation of some areas Japan occupied by United States. Madame Chiang Kai- Shek.

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Pacific Rim Countries

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  1. Chapter 34 Pacific Rim Countries

  2. Pacific Rim Timeline

  3. East Asia in the Postwar Settlements • Korea divided • Russian, American zone • Taiwan • Chinese occupation • Chiang Kai-shek • Reoccupation of some areas • Japan occupied by United States Madame Chiang Kai-Shek

  4. New Divisions and the End of Empires • Postwar decolonization • U.S. loses Philippines • Dutch: Indonesia • British: Malaya • Chiang, Kuomintang • driven to Taiwan

  5. The Pacific Rim Area by 1960

  6. Japanese Recovery • American occupation • ends, 1952 • Democratization • women get the vote • unions encouraged • Shintoism disestablished • land redistribution • new constitution • modified, 1963 • Liberal Democratic Party, Conservative political party that monopolized Japanese governments from 1955 into the 1990s.

  7. Korea: Intervention and War • North-Democratic People’s Republic of Korea • communist • Kim Il-Sung, to 1994 • South- Republic of Korea (ROK) • Syngman Rhee • parliamentary government Korean War • North invades South, 1950 • U.S. leads UN effort • China supports North • 1953, armistice (Pork Chop Hill)

  8. Emerging Stability in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore • Taiwan • Kuomintang retreats to Taiwan • U.S. Support • Hong Kong • British colony • Chinese control, 1997 • Singapore • Independence, 1965 • Lee Kuan Yew: Authoritarian ruler of Singapore for three decades from 1959; presided over major economic development.

  9. Japan, Incorporated Japan's Distinctive Political and Cultural Style • Liberal Democrat Party, 1955-1993 • corruption raises questions • Cultural continuity • Yukio Mishima (pen name: KimitokeHiraoka) • nationalist, committed seppuku 1970 The Economic Surge • Company unions • cooperation between management, labor • Women • traditional attitudes • Popular culture • Western influence • Political change

  10. The Pacific Rim: New Japans? Follow Japanese model- Tigers? • The Korean Miracle • South Korea • Chung-hee, 1961-(Assassinated) 1979 • military loses power • more open press, political action • new companies • Hyundai: Major Korean industrial giant; typical of firms producing Korea’s economic miracle. Advances in Taiwan and the City-States • Taiwan • rapid economic growth • more contact with China, other neighbors • Death of Chiang Kai-shek, 1978 • gap narrows between China and Taiwan • Singapore • similar to Taiwan • Lee Kuan Yew • authoritarian rule • returned to China, 1997 • Confucianism important in economic development • benefit from Japanese influence • Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia follow

  11. Mao's China and Beyond • Chiang Kai-shek • Japanese invasion • allies with Communists • Kuomintang's position lessened • partly due to military defeat • Communism popular • Mao gaining power by 1945 • Defeat of Japan • 1949 Communists ascendant

  12. The Communists Come to Power • Secession movements • Inner Mongolia, Tibet • Korean War • China supports division • Vietnam • support liberation • Alliance with Soviet Union • collapses by late 1950s • border disputes • post-Stalin changes • War with India

  13. Economic Growth? & Social Justice Land reform • First five-year plan, 1953 • Mass Line approach, 1955 - Economic policy of Mao Zedong inaugurated in 1955 • Led to formation of agricultural cooperatives that then became farming collectives in 1956; • peasants lost land gained a few years earlier. • Purge of intellectuals, 1957 The Great Leap Backward, 1958 (Great Leap Forward) • Economic policy of Mao Zedong introduced in 1958 • small scale industrialization projects integrated into peasant communities • led to economic disaster and ended in 1960. • famine • ended by 1960 Mao no longer state chairman 1960 • still head of Central Committee • replaced by pragmatists- Led by Zhou Enlai, with Liu Shaoui, Deng Xiaoping all opposed the Great Leap Forward • Wanted to restore state direction and market incentives at the local level.

  14. "Women Hold Up Half of the Heavens" • Madame Mao Jiang Qing(Actress: Lan Ping) • not supportive of women's rights • Communist promising • legal equality • work outside the home • opportunities increase

  15. Mao's Last Campaign and the Fall of the Gang of Four Cultural Revolution, 1965 • Zhou Enlai • into seclusion • Liu Shaoqui • killed • Deng Xiaoping • Imprisoned • ended, 1968 Mao dies, September 1976 • Gang of Four - failed coup d'état, October 1976 • Jiang Qing • opposed by Deng • defeated by pragmatists • imprisoned for life in 1978 • Pragmatists were more open to the West and capitalism

  16. Colonialism and Revolution in Vietnam French • interest since 1600s • hope to convert to Catholicism • Tayson peasant rebellion, 1770s • Peasant revolution in southern Vietnam • toppled the Nguyen and the Trinh dynasties. • French back Nguyen Anh (Gia Long) • Unification, new capital at Hue • Minh Mang- second ruler of united Vietnam (1802-1841); • emphasized Confucianism & persecution of Vietnamese Catholics • French intervene, 1840s • Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos taken over by 1890s • Nguyen government, puppets • French takeover • discredits emperor, bureaucracy, Confucianism

  17. Vietnam: Divisions in the Nguyen and French Periods

  18. Vietnamese Nationalism: Bourgeois Dead Ends and Communist Survival • French influence • Western-educated middle class • Vietnamese Nationalist Party (VNQDD) • Middle-class revolutionary organization during the 1920s • Committed to violent overthrow of French colonialism; crushed by the French, 1929 • Communist Party of Vietnam: The primary nationalist party after the defeat of the VNQDD in 1929; led from 1920s by Ho Chi Minh • aided by Comintern • Japan occupies Vietnam, 1941 The War of Liberation against the French • Viet Minh = Communist Vietnamese movement; fought the Japanese during Word War II and the French afterwards. • Communist-dominated resistance • Vo Nguyen Giap, Communist military commander • proclaims independence, 1945 • only in North • Indochina War • French defeated at Dien Bien Phu, 1954 • 1954 Geneva Accords, promises elections, split

  19. The War of Liberation Against the United States Communists v. United States • South • Ngo Dinh Diem, first President of South Vietnam (1955–1963). • fights communists (Viet Cong) • North • supports Viet Cong • United States • supports military overthrow of Diem • withdraws, 1970s • Communists • take South Vietnam 1975 After Victory: The Struggle to Rebuild Vietnam • Difficulties • U.S. blocks international aid • reprisals • Economy more open in 1980s • better relations with U.S.

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