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Globalization: Definitions

Globalization: Definitions. Globalization is a trend toward increasing interdependencies among world markets and the diffusion of New ideas Technologies Products Services and Lifestyles Through international markets. Globalization: Components. Globalization comprises two components:

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Globalization: Definitions

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  1. Globalization: Definitions Globalization is a trend toward increasing interdependencies among world markets and the diffusion of • New ideas • Technologies • Products • Services and • Lifestyles Through international markets.

  2. Globalization: Components Globalization comprises two components: • Modernization • Westernization

  3. Globalization: Components Globalization comprises two components: • Modernization: involves the upgrading of the technologies and living standards as new ideas, technologies, products, and services diffuse through the world.

  4. Globalization: Components Modernization: Transfer of technology jumpstarted modernization movements in many countries as scientific and technological advances have upgraded national lifestyles and aided efficient resource use.

  5. Globalization: Components Westernization: • involves the emulation of lifestyles particularly, those of Americans and Western Europeans

  6. Globalization: Components Westernization: Up to the 20th century, it was western Europe trying to dominate the World culture. In the 20th century, it was the turn of the USSR and the communist movement to try to be the dominant global philosophy. Now it’s the US’s and Hollywood turn.

  7. Challenges to Westernization Westernization (monoculturalism) is challenged by other countries because of: • Undermined their religious values

  8. Challenges to Westernization Westernization (monoculturalism) is challenged by other countries because of: • Undermined their religious values • Encourage individualism

  9. Challenges to Westernization Westernization (monoculturalism) is challenged by other countries because of: • Undermined their religious values • Encourage individualism • Challenge the hereditary social class structure and privileges.

  10. Globalization: Periodization Globalization can be classified in three eras: Exploration to 1500 Colonization 1500-1900 Internationalization 1900 to present

  11. Globalization: Exploration to 1500 During this period: • villages were formed which allowed for division of labor to produce goods and services

  12. Globalization: Exploration to 1500 During this period: • villages were formed which allowed for division of labor to produce goods and services • infrastructure (roads) were built to connect communities and as a result, Regional markets were created

  13. Globalization: Exploration to 1500 During this period: • villages were formed which allowed for division of labor to produce goods and services • infrastructure (roads) were built to connect communities and as a result, Regional markets were created • transportation systems were built to connect regional markets into national markets.

  14. Exploration to 1500 During this period: • villages were formed which allowed for division of labor to produce goods and services • infrastructure (roads) were built to connect communities and as a result, Regional markets were created • transportation systems were built to connect regional markets into national markets. • As national markets became constrictive, businesses looked outward for expansion.

  15. Globalization (1500 –1900): Colonial era This era is replete with wars, conquests, colonization, and trade.

  16. Globalization (1500 –1900): Colonial era This era is replete with wars, conquests, colonization, and trade. Foreign domination and influences were magnified through diffusion catalysts.

  17. Globalization (1500 –1900): Colonial era This era is replete with wars, conquests, colonization, and trade. Foreign domination and influences were magnified through diffusion catalysts. These catalysts (ideas, philosophies, and technical innovations) increased the speed, efficiency, and effectiveness of he movements of ideas and goods between and within nations.

  18. Globalization (1500 –1900): Colonial era diffusion catalysts include: • Development of mega languages: means of communication of ideas and philosophies

  19. Globalization (1500 –1900): Colonial era diffusion catalysts include: • Development of mega languages: • Advances in arms and military capabilities: means of subjugating and controlling colonies.

  20. Globalization (1500 –1900): Colonial era diffusion catalysts include: • Development of mega languages • Advances in arms and military capabilities • Writing and printing technologies: Spreading the knowledge beyond individuals and establishment of education system

  21. Globalization (1500 –1900): Colonial era diffusion catalysts include: • Development of mega languages • Advances in arms and military capabilities • Writing and printing technologies • Transportation innovation: The steam engine brought markets closer.

  22. Globalization (1500 –1900): Colonial era diffusion catalysts include: • Development of mega languages • Advances in arms and military capabilities • Writing and printing technologies • Transportation innovation • The industrial revolution (1750-1830): wide spread use of cast iron, knitting machines, gun powder, and electric generators revolutionized production and trade.

  23. Globalization (1500 –1900): Colonial era diffusion catalysts include: • Development of mega languages • Advances in arms and military capabilities • Writing and printing technologies • Transportation innovation • The industrial revolution (1750-1830 • Advances in communication (telephone and telegraph): facilitated information flows between and within national markets and aided supply chain mechanism.

  24. Globalization (1500 –1900): Colonial era diffusion catalysts include: • Development of mega languages • Advances in arms and military capabilities • Writing and printing technologies • Transportation innovation • The industrial revolution (1750-1830 • Advances in communication (telephone and telegraph • Retail establishments: provided the public with the ability to see and buy new products and services.

  25. Globalization: Historical Background Modern International corporation 1900-Today. 1900-1945 Company internationalization 1945-1980 Increasing international competition 1980 – present Globalization.

  26. 1900-1945 Company internationalization • Colony based subsidiaries were established • 1st WW, depression of 20s and 30s, and 2nd WW slowed and curtailed these activities

  27. 1945-1980 Increasing international competition • FDI by the US based companies took off and established a firm foothold in Canada and Western Europe.

  28. Globalization: 1980 – present Major catalysts for globalization: • International trade (GATT and its replacement WTO, IMF, World Bank, and the UN)

  29. Globalization: 1980 – present Major catalysts for globalization: • International trade (GATT and its replacement WTO, IMF, World Bank, and the UN) • Because of inertia in opening the markets internationally, countries created trade blocs as intermediate step to globalization (EU and NAFTA).

  30. Globalization: 1980 – present • International trade (GATT and its replacement WTO, IMF, World Bank, and the UN) • Because of inertia in opening the markets internationally, countries created trade blocs as intermediate step to globalization (EU and NAFTA). • FDI. Initially this was done in resource rich countries. Later it became a tool for exploiting markets in colonies. After 1945, it became a tool for efficient seeking companies to use cheap resources in developing countries willing to host them.

  31. Globalization: 1980 – present Major catalysts for globalization: • International trade (GATT and its replacement WTO, IMF, World Bank, and the UN) • Because of inertia in opening the markets internationally, countries created trade blocs as intermediate step to globalization (EU and NAFTA). • FDI. Initially this was done in resource rich countries. Later it became a tool for exploiting markets in colonies. After 1945, it became a tool for efficient seeking companies to use cheap resources in developing countries willing to host them. • Global movement toward capitalism.

  32. Globalization: 1980 – present Major catalysts for globalization: • International trade (GATT and its replacement WTO, IMF, World Bank, and the UN) • Because of inertia in opening the markets internationally, countries created trade blocs as intermediate step to globalization (EU and NAFTA). • FDI. Initially this was done in resource rich countries. Later it became a tool for exploiting markets in colonies. After 1945, it became a tool for efficient seeking companies to use cheap resources in developing countries willing to host them. • Global movement toward capitalism. • Technology and global media: satellite, computers, internet.

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